Detailed video recordings of the suckling behavior of one piglet from each of four litters were analyzed to determine how the components of piglet suckling behavior are organized in relation to the time of milk ejection and the temporal pattern of grunting by the sow. Early in the suckling episode, most piglets massaged the udder with their snouts, and then changed gradually to sucking the teat...

Although sodium channels have been reported to be inactive after 5-10 minutes of ventricular fibrillation (VF), their state during early VF is unknown. In 12 open-chest dogs, a floating glass microelectrode was used to record intracellular action potentials from the right ventricle during pacing and during electrically induced VF. Before any drug was administered, an initial episode of VF was c...

The present experiment examined pilot response to the rapid cycling of automation. The experiment was conducted using a multi-task simulation environment consisting of tracking, fuel management, and system monitoring sub-tasks. Monitoring and fuel management sub-tasks were performed manually in all conditions. The tracking sub-task cycled between manual and automated control at fixed intervals ...

It has been demonstrated that a round object viewed obliquely is matched with ellipses which are more circular than would be predicted from geometrical optics (16). Such data are examples of the tendency toward "shape constancy," a theoretical condition in which perceived circularity is constant independent of the angle of regard and the corresponding retinal image pattern. Various factors have...

Ten uncompressed, high definition (1920×1088) videos are used as source videos. One video which contains animations were rendered directly from 3D models, while other videos which contains natural scenes were shot with professional, high end equipment and converted to digital format with utmost care. The videos shot by us were recorded in a progressive RAW format at 25 fps without any compressi...

The Valsalva maneuver (VM) produces large and abrupt increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) at the onset of strain (Phase I), however, hypotension, sufficient to induce syncope, occurs upon VM release (phase III). We examined the effect of VM intensity and duration on middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) responses. Healthy men (n =10; mean ± SD: 26 ± 4 years) completed 30%, 60%, and ...

The potential role of active state maintenance as a determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) has not been defined. Right ventricular papillary muscles from 15 cats were studied in a polarographic myograph at 23 degrees C in a Krebs-Ringer solution containing 7.5 mM Ca2+ and 10 mM caffeine. MVO2 was determined for isometric tetani at Lmax of 1-5 seconds' duration. Increases in tetanus...

We studied strong-motion spectra observed for three Mw 7.8 to 8.0 earthquakes (the 1985 Michoacan, Mexico; 1985 Valparaiso, Chile; and 1983 Akita-Oki, Japan earthquakes). We determined the decay of spectral amplitude with distance from the station, considering different measures of distance from a finite fault. We compared strong-motion spectra (Fourier acceleration spectra) observed for these ...

We studied strong-motion spectra observed for three Mw 7.8 to 8.0 earthquakes (the 1985 Michoacan, Mexico; 1985 Valparaiso, Chile; and 1983 Akita-Oki, Japan earthquakes). We determined the decay of spectral amplitude with distance from the station, considering different measures of distance from a finite fault. We compared strong-motion spectra (Fourier acceleration spectra) observed for these ...

This study sought to determine whether CA1 hippocampal neurons encode the duration of the trace interval during trace fear conditioning. Single neurons were recorded extracellularly in the CA1 of rabbits during and after a single trace fear classical conditioning session. Trace fear conditioning trials consisted of an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS; 3 sec) and a fear-producing shock uncondit...