Advances in horticulture plant biotechnologies provide new opportunities for researchers to study the field of vegetative propagation and genetic engineering. Developments of clonal propagation methods, especially somatic embryogenesis (SE), have numerous potential applications. This paper reviewed progress of research on SE in horticultural plants in last decade; analyzed plant regeneration ha...

A new protocol was established for the regeneration of Solanum nigrum by frog egg-like bodies (FELBs), which are novel somatic embryogenesis (SE) structures induced from the root, stem, and leaf explants. The root, stem, and leaf explants (93.33%, 85.10%, and 100.00%, respectively) were induced to form special embryonic calli on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichloroph...

present study was conducted to consider the effects of different concentrations of 2,4-d and ba on somatic embryogenesis induction, development and maturation of three strawberry cultivars (kurdistan, parose and camarosa). for this purpose, leaf blade, nodal, petiole, stamen and flower bud calli were cultured on murashige and skoog (ms) medium supplemented with 2, 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (...

This review will summarize molecular and genetic analyses aimed at identifying the mechanisms underlying the sequence of events during plant zygotic embryogenesis. These events are being studied in parallel with the histological and morphological analyses of somatic embryogenesis. The strength and limitations of somatic embryogenesis as a model system will be discussed briefly. The formation of...

Somatic embryogenesis is an asexual form of plant propagation in nature that mimics many of the events of sexual reproduction. Also, this process may be reproduced artificially by the manipulation of tissues and cells in vitro. Some of the most important factors for a successful plant regeneration are the culture medium and environmental incubation conditions. In vitro somatic embryogenesis is ...

Somatic embryogenesis is a developmental process where a plant somatic cell can dedifferentiate to a totipotent embryonic stem cell that has the ability to give rise to an embryo under appropriate conditions. This new embryo can further develop into a whole plant. In woody plants, somatic embryogenesis plays a critical role in clonal propagation and is a powerful tool for synthetic seed product...

Somatic embryogenesis was induced in hypocotyl explants of geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum) cultured on media supplemented with various concentrations of N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron). In less than 2 weeks, somatic embryos were observed in treatments containing levels of thidiazuron (TDZ) ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 micromolar. The use of N(6)-benzylaminopurine in combination...

Many of the regulatory processes occurring during plant embryogenesis are still unknown. Relatively few cells are involved, and they are embedded within maternal tissues, making this developmental phase difficult to study. Somatic embryogenesis is a more accessible system, and many important regulatory genes appear to function similar to zygotic development, making somatic embryogenesis a valua...

Many of the regulatory processes occurring during plant embryogenesis are still unknown. Relatively few cells are involved, and they are embedded within maternal tissues, making this developmental phase difficult to study. Somatic embryogenesis is a more accessible system, and many important regulatory genes appear to function similar to zygotic development, making somatic embryogenesis a valua...