somatic embryogenesis was initiated in c. sativus l. from shoot meristems on ls medium containing bap (2×10-5 m)+naa (2×10-5 m). various stages of somatic embryogenesis were observed in the same medium and the development was asynchronous. somatic embryo development proceeded through well recognized sequences (globular to embryoids) with clearly discernible bipolar regions. matured embryos coul...

background: recognition of helminth-derived pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) by pattern recognition receptors (prrs), including toll like recep­tors (tlrs) is the first step towards initiating anti–helminth immune re­sponses. methods : using somatic antigens of ostertagia occidentalis, an important abomasal parasite of ruminants, the expression of ovine tlr2 and tlr4 in peripheral...

Somatic embryogenesis was initiated in C. sativus L. from shoot meristems on LS medium containing BAP (2×10-5 M)+NAA (2×10-5 M). Various stages of somatic embryogenesis were observed in the same medium and the development was asynchronous. Somatic embryo development proceeded through well recognized sequences (globular to embryoids) with clearly discernible bipolar regions. Matured embryos coul...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the validity of the Ghent Multidimensional Somatic Complaints Scale (GMSCS) in a Clinical Sample. METHOD Three hundred fifty-four non-clinical subjects and 151 clinical patients completed the GMSCS, an 18-item five-factorial scale for the assessment of somatic complaints. RESULTS The five-factorial structure was reliable and valid in the non-clinical as well as the cli...

The mechanism responsible for somatic mutation in the variable genes of antibodies is unknown and may differ from previously described mechanisms that produce mutation in DNA. We have analyzed 421 somatic mutations from the rearranged immunoglobulin variable genes of mice to determine if the nucleotide substitutions differ from those generated during meiosis and if the presence of nearby direct...

The somatic mutation theory (SMT) of cancer has been and remains the prevalent theory attempting to explain how neoplasms arise and progress. This theory proposes that cancer is a clonal, cell-based disease, and implicitly assumes that quiescence is the default state of cells in multicellular organisms. The SMT has not been rigorously tested, and several lines of evidence raise questions that a...

objective: n present study effect of various factors including sucrose, agar, peg, agno3, activated charcoal on somatic embryo induction and its subsequent regeneration was investigated using varieties dom siah and nemat. methods: 330 explant (mature embryos) of each varieties were cultured, 33/plate (100 x 15 mm), on callus induction murashige and skoog (ms) medium (murashige and skoog 1962) s...