Ten-month-old infants' sensitivity to first-order motion (FOM) defined by luminance and second-order motion (SOM) defined by flickering was measured in an eye-tracking paradigm. We used a small single disc or gratings moving horizontally. Although infants could track the SOM of a small disc, they failed to exhibit smooth pursuit eye movements. They also failed to track SOM gratings with smooth ...

Two well-known variants of the self-organizing map (SOM) that are based on order statistics are the marginal median SOM and the vector median SOM. In the past, their efficiency was demonstrated for color image quantization. In this paper, we employ the well-known IRIS data set and we assess their performance with respect to the accuracy, the average over all neurons mean squared error between t...

Subtypes of GABAergic interneurons (INs) are crucial for cortical function, yet their specific roles are largely unknown. In contrast to supra- and infragranular layers, where most somatostatin-expressing (SOM) INs are layer 1-targeting Martinotti cells, the axons of SOM INs in layer 4 of somatosensory cortex largely remain within layer 4. Moreover, we found that whereas layers 2/3 SOM INs targ...

The high levels of soil organic matter (SOM), frequently found in soils with large content of noncrystalline minerals, are traditionally considered the result of strong organo-mineral interactions. Amorphous oxides are likely to provide active sites for SOM sequestration at the colloidal level. Considering that preservation of SOM is favoured by adsorption of humic colloids onto mineral surface...

An understanding of the form and function of SOM in soil is essential to sustainable crop production. Various methods of SOM fractionation are used to study SOM forms and to gain an understanding of interaction between SOM and aggregate formation. Physical SOM fractionation techniques are based on the concept that SOM associated with particles of various sizes. differs in structure and function...

Seeds monitor the environment to germinate at the proper time, but different species respond differently to environmental conditions, particularly light and temperature. In Arabidopsis thaliana, light promotes germination but high temperature suppresses germination. We previously reported that light promotes germination by repressing SOMNUS (SOM). Here, we examined whether high temperature also...

Det här är en undersökning som knyter an till en tidigare publicerad artikel om nitratfri luttring av ett soda-kalk-glas[1]. Det är ur miljösynpunkt bättre att använda antimonat som luttringsmedel efter som utsläppen av NOx-gaser blir betydligt mindre då inget nitrat tillsätts. Antimonat ger i soda-kalk-glaset lika god luttrande effekt som nitrat och antimonoxid. I den här artikeln har studien ...

Decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) is limited by both the available substrate and the active decomposer community. The understanding of this colimitation strongly affects the understanding of feedbacks of soil carbon to global warming and its consequences. This study compares different formulations of soil organic matter (SOM) 5 decomposition. We compiled formulations from literature in...

Neuromodulators, including transmitters and peptides, modify neuronal excitability. In most neurons, multiple neuromodulator receptors are present on a single cell. Previous work has demonstrated either occlusive or additive effects when two neuromodulators that target the same ion channel are applied together. In this study, we characterize the modulation of Ca2+ and K+ channels in embryonic c...

The transferability of a visible and near-infrared (VNIR) model for soil organic matter (SOM) estimation in riparian landscapes is explored. The results indicate that for the soil samples with air-drying, grinding and 2-mm sieving pretreatment, the model calibrated from the soil sample set with mixed land-use types can be applied in the SOM prediction of cropland soil samples (r 2 Pre = 0.66, R...