absorption spectra of the composite sol-gel (blue solid) and pure photochromic sol-gel (black solid). The open-form ∆OD for composite solgel (red dash). The inset is the chemical structure of the composite molecule with donor moiety (bottom red) and acceptor moiety (top blue). (d) The thermally reversing photokinetic measurement of the open-form ∆OD (460nm) of the composite sol-gel, recovering ...

Solid acids and especially those based on micelle-templated silicas and other mesoporous high surface area support materials are beginning to play a significant role in the greening of fine and specialty chemicals manufacturing processes. A wide range of important organic reactions can be efficiently catalyzed by these materials, which can be designed to provide different types of acidity as we...

The solid–solid reactions of electron-donor compounds, such as: barbituric acid (1a), thiobarbituric acid (1b), 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid (1c), phenol (1d) and resorcinol (1e) with diazotized o-nitroaniline (3), m-nitroaniline (4) and p-nitroaniline (5) catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid (2) afford azo dyes by grinding in good yields. This new method totally avoids the use of inorganic acid...

Composite propellers offer high damping characteristics and corrosion resistance when compared with metal propellers. But the design of a hybrid composite propeller with the same strength of metal propeller is the critical task. For this purpose, the present paper focusses on fluid-structure interaction analysis of hybrid composite propeller with Carbon/Epoxy, R-Glass/Epoxy and S2-Glass/Epoxy t...

heteropoly acid promoted nanoparticle of nickel oxide samples were prepared by sol-gel method using heteropoly acids. prepared composite was characterized by xrd, ft-ir and icp technique. in this work, we have reported bromination of phenol, its derivatives and some aromatic compounds. the liquid phase bromination of phenol was performed using heteropoly acids immobilized nanoparticle of nickel...

Abstract Anaerobic mesophilic batch digestion of lime-pretreated rice straw/chicken manure/ rumen fiber mix was investigated to determine their feasibility as a feedstock produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The influence solid content (10, 15 & 20%) on the bioreactor performance studied in system. increase gave slight VFAs concentration but higher productivity 12.1 gL −1 d . Response surfa...

Imidazole phosphate and phosphonate solid acids model the hydrogen-bonding networks and dynamics of the anhydrous electrolyte candidate for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Solid-state NMR reveals that phosphate and phosphonate anion dynamics dominate the rate of long-range proton transport, and that the presence of a membrane host facilitates proton mobility, as evidenced by a decreased co...

Objectives • Develop the concept of a solid oxide fuel-fed electrolysis cell (SOFEC) for hydrogen production. • Identify and develop SOFEC cathode materials that are electrocatalytically and chemically stable in both reducing and oxidizing atmospheres. • Develop a novel concept of a composite/hybrid planar SOFEC-solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack to co-generate hydrogen and electricity. • Demon...

Spontaneous motion of a solid/liquid composite induced by a chemical Marangoni effect, where an oil droplet attached to a solid soap is placed on a water phase, was investigated. The composite exhibits various characteristic motions, such as revolution (orbital motion) and translational motion. The results showed that the mode of this spontaneous motion switches with a change in the size of the...