Under the light of recent developments of the theory of matter-radiation interaction in the presence of magnetic field applied to non-LTE spectropolarimetry in astrophysics, we have revisited the theory of anisotropic resonance line scattering in moving media by means of the density-matrix formulation. This has led us to present a theoretical method of determination of the matter velocity field...

Direct evidence for the presence of an inertial energy cascade, the most characteristic signature of hydromagnetic turbulence (MHD), is observed in the solar wind by the Ulysses spacecraft. After a brief rederivation of the equivalent of Yaglom's law for MHD turbulence, a linear relation is indeed observed for the scaling of mixed third-order structure functions involving Elsässer variables. Th...

Some tangential discontinuities (TDs) observed by theUlysses spacecraft interface solar wind regions that differ only in their bulk velocity and magnetic field orientation; composition, density, temperature and magnetic field intensity are essentially the same in both regions. The relation between the plasma velocity jump across the TD and the magnetic field is investigated through the analysis...

Fast (>700 km s(-1)) and slow (~400 km s(-1)) winds stream from the Sun, permeate the heliosphere and influence the near-Earth environment. While the fast wind is known to emanate primarily from polar coronal holes, the source of the slow wind remains unknown. Here we identify possible sites of origin using a slow solar wind source map of the entire Sun, which we construct from specially design...

unglazed transpired solar collectors are widely used for heating outside air directly, these days. pre-heating ventilation air for large spaces and heating air for crop drying, are some of the applications of these kinds of collectors. the outside air is drawn straight from ambient, uniformly through the whole surface of a perforated absorber (transpired, dark-colored plate) exposed to the sun....

The ow of solar wind from the Sun is bimodal. High speed, low density plasma comes from high magnetic latitude regions and low speed, high density ow from near the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). We investigate whether this bimodal ow combined with the HCS tilt controls the solar wind velocities in the outer heliosphere near solar minimum when the Sun's magnetic eld is roughly dipolar. We pre...

We analyze and compare the ionic charge composition data for different types of the solar wind (slow wind from equatorial regions, fast wind from low-latitude coronal hole and fast wind from both south and north polar coronal hole) which the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) on Ulysses observed during the pole-to-pole pass of its primary mission. The implications on the electron t...

High fluxes of relativistic electrons in the inner magnetosphere have been associated with a range of spacecraft anomalies, and therefore the modeling of the flux is of direct relevance to the development of space weather applications. Time variations of the electron flux at a given L shell are ultimately functions of interplanetary parameters as well as of internal magnetospheric dynamics. It ...

The study of the propagation and evolution of interplanetary disturbances, shocks and discontinuities through the magnetosheath is critical to improve our understanding of the Sun-Earth system. It’s necessary to study interaction of the Earth’s Bow Shock (BS) with interplanetary discontinuities, because the interactions influence the Earth’s magnetosphere. In this paper we discuss various types...

Aims. We present results of the analysis of cometary X-ray spectra with an extended version of our charge exchange emission model (Bodewits et al. 2006). We have applied this model to the sample of 8 comets thus far observed with the Chandra X-ray observatory and  spectrometer in the 300–1000 eV range. The surveyed comets are C/1999 S4 (), C/1999 T1 (McNaught– Hartley), C/2000 WM1 (...