Incorporation of metallic particulate reinforcements in eutectic Sn-Ag solder re­ sults in the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) along particulate/ solder interfaces with different morphologies. For instance, “sunflower” and “blocky faceted” IMC shapes have been observed around Ni particle reinforce­ ments incorporated in the eutectic Sn-Ag solder matrix. The time and tempera­ ture ab...

Titanium matrix composites (TMC) represent a perspective materials category with potential applications in many important fields like aerospace constructions, automotive industry, ship structures, sports and households objects, and others. A titanium matrix composite is constituted of a titanium or titanium alloy – matrix and reinforcements materials, which are usually ceramics in form of parti...

Adapting decision making according to dynamic and probabilistic changes in action-reward contingencies is critical for survival in a competitive and resource-limited world. Much research has focused on elucidating the neural systems and computations that underlie how the brain identifies whether the consequences of actions are relatively good or bad. In contrast, less empirical research has foc...

Additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly important in the construction industry. Wire arc additive (WAAM) can be integrated into selective paste intrusion (SPI) to enable simultaneous printing of reinforced concrete. The bond behavior a WAAM reinforcement was investigated with pull-out tests and compared alternative types analyze stress transfer between different components. In first ste...

INTRODUCTION Composites have become an important group of engineering materials, as they offer better physical and mechanical properties in comparison to unreinforced materials. Different types of materials can be used as the matrix of composites, including metals, polymers and ceramics. An important aspect of researches on composites has been the investigation of their mechanical properties [1...

In this work, we describe a theoretical model that predicts the existence of three patterns of subjects’ behavior in an experimental chamber with concurrent schedules of reinforcements. Two of these patterns were found earlier by Baum (2002). The model is based on the assumption that an organism is a system with internality and that the alternatives are polarized for the subject: one of them pl...

Building artificial agents able to autonomously learn new skills and to easily adapt in different and complex environments is an important goal for robotics and machine learning. We propose that providing reinforcement learning artificial agents with a learning signal that resembles the characteristic of the phasic activations of dopaminergic neurons would be an advancement in the development o...

Working memory deficit in schizophrenia is a core cognitive feature of the disorder and is reliably associated with abnormalities of the prefrontal circuitry. Working memory deficits are also associated with impaired social functioning and present a major obstacle toward successful rehabilitation in schizophrenia. Although the role of prefrontal cortex in working memory has been extensively inv...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two kinds of reinforcements, tangible reinforcements and social reinforcements, on the academic achievement of eighth-grade female students with intellectual disabilities in the science subject. The study was an experimental method by pretest, with a control group. The participants of the study comprised 45 female students with intel...