This study explores the environmental forces controlling lake ontogeny at Glacier Bay as a model for early Holocene lake evolution in north temperate lakes worldwide. Long-term chemical and biological changes in lakes are investigated with two complementary research strategies: (1) limnological conditions are compared among 32 lakes of known age and in different stages of primary catchment succ...

Soil salinization and alkalization is a global problem restricting agricultural production. This study compared different fertilizer regimes (addition rate application depth) on maize growth soil quality in saline-alkali soil. Cow manure compost was applied with addition rates of 6, 12, 18 24 t·ha−1, depths 5 20 cm, along 0.6 t·ha−1 mineral fertilizer, to control treatment only application. Res...

Farmed landscapes are engineered for productivity, and research suggests they contribute a disproportionate share of inorganic C to the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico. Here we use alkalinity and total organic C (TOC) measurements collected from the Raccoon River of Iowa to (i) evaluate inorganic and organic C concentrations and export patterns, (ii) compare current trends to historical co...

Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) accounts for about half of the C reserves worldwide and is considered more stable than soil organic (SOC). However, acidification, driven mainly by nitrogen (N) fertilization can accelerate SIC losses, possibly leading to complete loss under continuous intensive N fertilization. Carbonate-free soils are less fertile, productive, prone erosion. Therefore, minimizing c...

Reports of boron (B) deficiency have become more prevalent in pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana), petunia (Petunia ×hybrida), and gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) plug production. When symptoms are observed in production the presence and severity of symptoms have no obvious pattern; symptomatic plants can be located adjacent to asymptomatic plants in the same plug flat. The availability of B in the soil de...

In-lake alkalinity generation (IAG) is important in regulation of alkalinity in lakes with long residence times, particularly seepage lakes. An IAG model based on input/output modeling concepts i presented that describes budgets for each ion involved in alkalinity regulation by a single differential equation that includes inputs, outputs, and a first-order sink term. These equations are linked ...

Bennett et al. [1] present the phylogenetic distribution of salt-tolerant species on a phylogeny of 2684 grasses in the context of plant breeding for salt-tolerance. Salt-tolerance, they conclude, is an evolutionary labile trait that has evolved a number of times across many lineages; this is at odds with the record of difficulty in breeding salt-tolerant crops. One potential explanation for th...

The effect of alkalinity on nitrifying biofilm activity was determined by collecting 21-day-old biofilm samples from the top of a full-scale nitrifying trickling filter and evaluating bench-scale nitrate plus nitrite generation rates at (1) various initial carbonate alkalinity concentrations and (2) with four types of available alkalinity: carbonate only, phosphate only, phosphate plus hydroxid...