Understanding the formation of sulfate particles in the troposphere is critical because of their health effects and their direct and indirect effects on radiative forcing, and hence on climate. Laboratory studies of the chemical and physical changes in sodium chloride, the major component of sea-salt particles, show that sodium hydroxide is generated upon reaction of deliquesced sodium chloride...

Switchgrass is a promising lignocellulosic biomass for fuel-ethanol production. However, pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials is necessary to improve its susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis. The objectives of this study were to examine the feasibility of microwave pretreatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of switchgrass and to determine the optimal pretreatment conditions. Switchgras...

The reactivity of sodium borohydride in the presence of other species has been examined by adiabatic calorimetry. In combination with water, sodium borohydride exhibits an exotherm at room temperature accompanied by generation of gas (presumed to be hydrogen). Addition of potassium hydroxide to a sodium borohydride-water mixture is found to stabilize the solution and require a higher temperatur...

Published researches about the pretreatment of exit wastewater from desalination units are rare. Nowadays, lake of potable water, development of industries and population growth, extend desalination units. Although desalination units have been grown up, but exit brine stream is usually drained into the sea ecosystem [1-4]. Moreover, annually a large quantity of concentrated brine is discharged ...

0016-2361/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.03.042 Abbreviations: CFME, chicken fat methyl esters; American society of testing and materials; KOH, p sodium hydroxide; KOMe, potassium methoxide; NaO ⇑ Corresponding author at: Department of Automo Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey Tel.: +90 3032203. E-mail addresses: [email protected], Canakci). In t...

In a recent study (1) it was shown that cystine could be decomposed by boiling distilled water with the formation of cysteine, hydrogen sulfide, and elementary sulfur. The decomposition of cysteine under similar conditions should aid in a clearer explanation of the mechanisms involved in the breakdown of these two amino acids. The action of alkaline reagents on cysteine and its derivatives has ...

In a recent study (1) it was shown that cystine could be decomposed by boiling distilled water with the formation of cysteine, hydrogen sulfide, and elementary sulfur. The decomposition of cysteine under similar conditions should aid in a clearer explanation of the mechanisms involved in the breakdown of these two amino acids. The action of alkaline reagents on cysteine and its derivatives has ...

In a recent study (1) it was shown that cystine could be decomposed by boiling distilled water with the formation of cysteine, hydrogen sulfide, and elementary sulfur. The decomposition of cysteine under similar conditions should aid in a clearer explanation of the mechanisms involved in the breakdown of these two amino acids. The action of alkaline reagents on cysteine and its derivatives has ...