We explore how ideas from infectious disease and genetics can be used to uncover patterns of cultural inheritance and innovation in a corpus of 591 national constitutions spanning 1789–2008. Legal “ideas” are encoded as “topics”—words statistically linked in documents—derived from topic modeling the corpus of constitutions. Using these topics we derive a diffusion network for borrowing from anc...

Abstract This article is about Islamism (or political Islam) as a challenge for contemporary liberal democracies. portrayed an ideology that favors one specific religion supreme and threat to freedom of speech. The author makes plea distinguishing a. the Islam, b. Muslims group, c. Islamism. Regarding dangers Islamism, some sociological research convictions discussed (Koopmans, Esposito) most r...

In recent years, literatures related to the use of technology for teaching and learning have proliferated, which can be divided into two groups: positivism criticism. The posit that communities created in online platforms whereas second group argue technologies detach from human societies. Despite criticisms, creating an community has become focus notion society connected with disappeared. Draw...

1. Introduction Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is nowadays used to produce sizeable amounts of bulk nanocrystalline materials, which renders them suitable for different innovative applications, owing to favourable combinations of high mechanical strength and enhanced ductility they offer. Enhanced grain boundary diffusion is largely responsible for the resulting property combinations. SPD pro...

BACKGROUND As suggested by Shook and Giordano, understanding and therefore addressing the urgent international governance issues around globalizing bio-medical/technology research and applications is limited by the perception of the underlying science. METHODS A philosophical methodology is used, based on novel and classical philosophical reflection upon existent literature, clinical wisdoms ...

Résumé When thinking of Adorno and music criticism, two strategies suggest themselves. The one is to look at the kind of criticism, cultural criticism in general and music criticism in particular, propagated by Adorno. It is, after all, difficult to overestimate the degree of his influence on musical thought in the twentieth century (whether one agrees with his views or not) and of the intellec...

Sociolinguistic research suggests that women are more likely than men to use politeness strategies in their speech. Researchers have reported that women pay more compliments than men, that women in talk with same-sex peers use a large number of positive-politeness strategies while men in analogous situations do not, and that women are more likely to apologize, soften criticism or express thanks...

In conclusion, we should like to add two admonitions. First, criticism is an art, not the raw tables or summaries of scholarship. The scholarship is a necessary prerequisite, and the formal reports, the compilations of the learned monograph, are essential to criticism. We have too much of unimaginative word counting, the pedestrian assemblage of arguments, the methodical and generalized comment...