Although past research indicates that women's higher levels of psychological distress can be accounted for by their greater exposure and vulnerability to role-related stress, the social psychological factors contributing to female vulnerability have not been fully identified. This paper applies identity theory to the phenomenon of gender differences in distress among parents. From an identity p...

AIM To investigate the role of health risk behavior, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, in the explanation of socio-economic health differences among adolescents. The hypothesis of different exposure and the hypothesis of different vulnerability were explored. METHOD In the study carried out in 1998, the prevalence of health complaints of smokers vs non-smokers, alcohol consumers vs abs...

BACKGROUND Psychological factors associated with low social status have been proposed as one possible explanation for the socio-economic gradient in health. The aim of this study is to explore whether different indicators of psychological distress contribute to socio-economic differences in cause-specific mortality. METHODS The data source is a nationally representative, repeated cross-sectio...

Pathology and determination of students' moral vulnerability is significant step in their security against cultural, social, value, and moral changes. The present study has been done to assess the students' moral vulnerability. The theoretical framework composed of theories of Durkheim, Englehart and Lerner. By the survey technique, this study has examined the relationship between the moral vul...

This paper describes some methodological aspects of the development of the Disaster Risk Index (DRI), a central component of the Reducing Disaster Risk report from the United Nation Development Programme (UNDP/BCPR 2004). The DRI aims to improve understanding of the relationship between development and disaster risk at the global level. The major assumption behind the index is that differences ...

The degraded ecosystem in the Loess Plateau region of China is very vulnerable, which has a great impact on regional sustainable development. Taking the Loess Plateau of Yan’an, Shaanxi province, China, as the study area, this study quantitatively evaluated conditions of the ecological environment. Based on natural factors, environmental factors, and socio-economic factors of Yan’an in 1997, 20...