Particularly socially influential individuals are present in many groups [1-8], but it is unclear whether their emergence is determined by their social influence versus the social susceptibility of others [9]. The social spider Stegodyphus dumicola shows regional variation in apparent leader-follower dynamics. We use this variation to evaluate the relative contributions of leader social influen...

Conflict with conspecifics from neighbouring groups over territory, mating opportunities and other resources is observed in many social organisms, including humans. Here we investigate the evolutionary origins of social instincts, as shaped by selection resulting from between-group conflict in the presence of a collective action problem. We focus on the effects of the differences between indivi...

In a variety of group settings, members favor men over women when selecting and evaluating leaders, even when actual leadership behaviors are held constant. Leadership categorization theory (R. B. Lord & K. J. Maher, 1991) and social role theory (A. H. Eagly, 1987) suggest that these biases result from discrepancies between individuals' stereotypes about women and their implicit prototypes of l...

Urban and rural areas differ in economic, social and environmental terms. Due to the diverging dynamics in urban and rural areas, the social and economic distance between them might increase in the future even more. Rural entrepreneurs with linkages to urban areas are able to bridge the rural–urban divide by accessing some of the urban features, such as knowledge and markets, while at the same ...

Organizational researchers widely acknowledge that positive relational behavior is associated with leadership effectiveness. In this exploratory study, we seek to extend previous research examining contextual factors that influence leadership style based on the characteristics of person–vocation fit. Using information derived from a 360° assessment that included one’s top managers, peers, and s...

Background: Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the development of any country. Entrepreneurship is seen as the driving force behind economic development and the identification of opportunities and the use of resources, and entrepreneurs are those who, by recognizing opportunities, ensure success in manufacturing, business, and services. However, it should be noted that the criterion fo...

transcendental leadership is a new paradigm in management and leadership that is the best way to deal with today dynamic, changing and turbulent environments. transcendent leaders make the ethical foundation of organizations and have strategic leads. these leaders look at the organizations as a whole that lead others, themselves and the organization. a transcendental leader is a strategic leade...

Against the background of economic globalization, enterprises begin to focus on improving quality and ability enterprise leaders while exploring sound development. According innovation theory by Schumpeter, activities are produced innovative spirit entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs different from ordinary businessmen speculators who just interested in making money. The most prominent motivation is “...