as the organizational relationships are effective in geographic environment of human settlements for development quality and its infrastructures, also it is influenced from space- place trends and development approaches definition and set to dialogue, not a different definition and set differently and they are effective in their spatial extent . on this basis, in this paper is trying to help so...

The President introduced his remarks by a short survey of the social and economic conditions in Bristol in the middle of the eighteenth century, with acknowledgments to Latimer's Annals of Bristol in the eighteenth century, Munro Smith's History of the Bristol Royal Infirmary, and other sources. He quoted from English Social History: " Good doctoring rather than better social conditions was the...

Using the example of smallholder oil palm production in Papua New Guinea the paper illustrates how elements of a market economy and modernity become enmeshed and partly transformed by local place-based nonmarket practices. The persistence, even efflorescence, of indigenous gift exchange in tandem with greater participation in the market economy challenges conventional notions regarding the stru...

Danish welfare in the 1990s had a bad start, but a happy end, at least compared with the situation in Sweden and Finland (1, 2). In the early 1990s Denmark still suffered from its economic crisis of the 1980s. Unemployment was high and budget and trade deficits large. From 1994 and onwards the situation improved markedly. Trade surpluses were followed by budget surpluses. And the problem of une...

background:environment destroyed and reduce the living place especially in urban place  become an important mater these days ,improving environment need a lot of think together like economic, realigns and environment  changes ,urban tourism is one of the most  important and complicate behavior in town. objective: in researchers look tourism have a large effect on economic, realign and social be...

A dynamic process of social security reform took place during the economic transition in the Soviet Union from 1985 through 1991, and in the Russian Federation in 1992. Despite administrative and financial difficulties, the Gorbachev reform objectives have been incorporated (with modest revisions) into the Russian Federation pension legislation and family allowance programs. Following the adopt...

This article studies the relationship between partner selection and socioeconomic status (SES) attainment and mobility in five rural parishes in southern Sweden, 1815-1894. Three different aspects of partner selection are considered: age, social origin, and geographical origin. We use an individual-level database containing information on the SES origin (parental land holding and occupation), a...