The present analysis introduces the N-Effect – the discovery that increasing the number of competitors (N) can decrease competitive motivation. Studies 1a-b found evidence that average test scores (e.g., SAT scores) fall as the average number of test-takers at testtaking venues increases. Study 2 found that individuals trying to finish an easy quiz among the top 20 percent in terms of speed fin...

a r t i c l e i n f o People vary in their tendencies to compare themselves to others, an individual difference variable called social comparison orientation (SCO). Social networking sites provide information about others that can be used for social comparison. The goal of the present set of studies was to explore the relationship between SCO, Facebook use, and negative psychological outcomes. ...

One of the emerging research areas in the strategic orientation is how to transfer different orientations from the commercial sector to the non-profit sector. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the mediating effect of Learning Orientation on the Market Orientation, Social Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Organizational Performance in the non-profit sector. The data from more...

knowledge-based firms play a critical role in economics of developing countries. innovation and entrepreneurship are two important factors for sustainable development of these firms. corporate entrepreneurship and recognizing factors impacting them have become important in recent years. the purpose of this paper is to examine the relations between corporate entrepreneurship, market orientation ...

A multisource field study of 103 employees and their supervisors tested an extension of uncertainty management theory (E. A. Lind & K. Van den Bos, 2002; K. Van den Bos & E. A. Lind, 2002). According to this theory, persons high in social comparison orientation (F. X. Gibbons & B. P. Buunk, 1999) experience chronic uncertainty about the self. It was hypothesized that this should strengthen the ...