Apathy is a common feature of brain disorders, yet is often confused with depression and ignored by clinicians. This situation is problematic because apathy is associated with several adverse outcomes, including caregiver distress and decreased treatment adherence. This study investigated the prevalence of apathy and depression in 10 outpatients (7 women, 3 men, mean age = 63.7 years) at a Sout...

This article presents an examination of class-based inequalities in turnout at British elections. These inequalities have substantially grown, and the class divide in participation has become greater than the class divide in vote choice between the two main parties. To account for class inequalities in turnout three main hypotheses – to do with policy indifference, policy alienation and social ...

OBJECTIVE Convergent evidence indicates that apathy affects cognitive behavior in different neurological and psychiatric conditions. Studies of clinical populations have also suggested the primary involvement of the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia in apathy. These brain regions are interconnected at both the structural and functional levels and are deeply involved in cognitive processes...

BACKGROUND Apathy is a common feature of Huntington’s disease (HD), even from early disease. However, patients are believed to lack insight into their own apathy and therefore clinicians and/or companions are relied upon to estimate the extent of a patient’s apathy. In addition, the evolution of apathy over time in HD has not been unequivocally established. OBJECTIVEs: The purpose of this study...

In addition to cognitive impairment, apathy is increasingly recognized as an important neuropsychiatric syndrome in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aims To identify the relationship between dementia severity and apathy levels, and to discuss the association of this condition with other psychopathological manifestations in AD patients. Methods This study involved 15 AD patients (mean age: 77 years...

BACKGROUND Whereas apathy is increasingly recognised as a frequent abnormal behaviour in dementia, its overlap with depression remains poorly understood. AIMS To assess the psychometric characteristics of a structured interview for apathy, and to examine the overlap between apathy and depression in dementia. METHODS A total of 150 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) underwent a comprehen...

BACKGROUND Apathy is a common but under-recognised behavioural disorder associated with depression and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). However, the longitudinal course of apathy in PD has not been studied. OBJECTIVE To examine the occurrence of and risk factors for apathy over time in a representative sample of patients with PD. METHODS A sample of 139 patients...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Nowadays, people decide to have a baby by first analysing their financial situation. Tradition is no longer a factor which determines the decision whether or not to have a baby. A prognosis of the Polish Central Statistical Office (GUS) shows that the population of Poland will fall from 38 to 36 million by 2035. The aim of this study is to assess the procreation behav...

Social choice theory is concerned with problems of getting from information on individual reports over alternative states of the world to an acceptable means for making a collective decision over these alternatives. These problems were originally studied in the combinatorical framework provided by Arrow type impossibility theorems. More recently Chichilnisky and others have studied the problem ...

Constructivist theory offers alternative approaches to career development and counseling. Based on holistic approach, constructivism emphasizes the self-organizing principles underlying human experience. The decision to use a constructivist framework for career counseling resulted from the observation that youth often were not lacking career information; instead, they did not feel empowered or ...