نتایج جستجو برای: smokers
تعداد نتایج: 29169 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Introduction & Objectives: In recent studies, the negative effects of smoking on different parts of body have been cleared. Nevertheless other negative effects of smoking are being investigated. One of those effects is central and peripheral nervous system problem. The aim of this investigation was comparison of Hoffmann (H) reflex latency of tibial nerve in male smokers and non smokers between...
this study was carried out on 2200 men and women aged 20-70 years in isfahan who participatd in isfahan cardiovacular risk facor survery, in order to find prevalence of cigarette smoking in this population and estimate the relation of smoking with other cad risk factors. all information was obtained by standard questionnaires mainly concerning smoking habits of subjects and their personal chara...
Background: Recent studies show cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have the tendency to intermingle. Integration between some biological and homodynamic risk factors have made the new hypothesis for etiology of CVDs. The aim of this study was to determine the clustering pattern of metabolic variables and left ventricular (LV) mass among smoker and non-smoker individuals and the interrela...
abstract introduction: smoking is an important risk factor of coronary artery disease. nicotine replacement therapy (nrt) for smoking cessation should be considered, especially in coronary patients. methods: twenty-four healthy smokers, smoking an average of 20 cigarettes a day for 15 years and with moderate cigarette dependence (according to the fagershtrum questionnaire score) were randomly ...
Background: Blindness due to cataract is a major and important problem in Pakistan. The problem is expected to increase in future due to increase in tobacco smoking. The aim of study was to look for the mechanism associated with metal deposition and its effect on antioxidant enzymes in lens of smokers in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: 20 cataract patients were randomly selected from Out Patient De...
Abstract Background and Objective: Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance plays a key role in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to evaluate homocystiene and total antioxidant capacity in COPD patients, compared to smoker and non-smoker healthy people. Material and Methods: We measured total antioxidant capacity with Cayman Kit, uric acid with Pars Azm...
Background: Smoking is one the most important risk factors of non-contagious diseases in Iran. The present study was carried out to determine the pattern of smoking habit in an urban area in Tehran. Materials and methods: The study population included 5023 males and 6778 females aged15 years enrolling for Tehran Glucose and Lipid Study. A questionnaire dealing with their smoking habit and dem...
Tobacco smoke is a known carcinogen, but the magnitude of smoking-related cancer risk depends on country-specific, generational smoking patterns. We quantified in relation to population-based cohort, 45 and Up Study (2006-2009) New South Wales, Australia. Cox proportional hazards regressions estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HR) by self-reported history at baseline for incident, primary cancers...
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the relative proportion of hardcore smokers (HCS) in Norway for the years 1996-2009. METHODS Data were derived from Statistics Norway's annually cross-sectional representative samples of the adult population. The total sample size of smokers each year was between 250 and 500. The outcome measure was HCS, defined by their intenti...
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