Land use patterns affect the costs of providing public infrastructure and services such as roads, water, sewage, garbage collection, school transport and mail delivery. Various studies show that these costs tend to increase with sprawl (dispersed development outside existing urban boundaries), and can be reduced with Smart Growth (compact, planned development within existing urban boundaries). ...

BACKGROUND Cumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a risk factor for development of skin cancer. We estimated changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among Nevada school-age children following implementation of a program to decrease UV exposure. COMMUNITY CONTEXT The Nevada Cancer Coalition's Sun Smart Schools pilot program was implemented in 7 Nevada schools during the 20...

Techno-Social Pathology of Smart Elementary Schools for Girls in Qom from Teachers’ Perspective*   N. Naderi-Beni, Ph.D.** H. Khanifar, Ph.D.*** A. Ghofraani****    The importance of schooling in shaping the future of the society requires continuous evaluation/surveys and identification of shortcomings, especially in the newly invented smart schools. To engage in such a pathology the Tech...

Building inspection is one of the key components of building maintenance. The primary purpose of performing a building inspection is to evaluate the building’s condition. Without inspection, it is difficult to determine a built asset’s current condition, so failure to inspect can contribute to the asset’s future failure. Traditionally, a longhand survey description has been widely used for prop...

The focus of recent research on disruption management in public transportation networks more and more shifts from operator-related aspects to improving the service quality. It is, however, not yet well understood how the passenger demand changes in a disrupted situation. Forecasts of passenger demand traditionally focus on the long-term. Forecasts for disruption management on the contrary requi...

Abstract The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of IT system-based instruction vs. traditional instruction of teaching English on Iranian low-intermediate EFL learners’ reading comprehension ability in a smart school in Tonekabon, Mazandaran, Iran. To collect the data, 60 low-intermediate high school learners took part in the study. As to the homogeneity of the participants,...

Abstract The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of IT system-based instruction vs. traditional instruction of teaching English on Iranian low-intermediate EFL learners’ reading comprehension ability in a smart school in Tonekabon, Mazandaran, Iran. To collect the data, 60 low-intermediate high school learners took part in the study. As to the homogeneity of the participants,...

BACKGROUND School-aged children have the highest incidence of respiratory virus infections each year, and transmission of respiratory viruses such as influenza virus can be a major concern in school settings. School absenteeism data have been employed as a component of influenza surveillance systems in some locations. Data timeliness and system acceptance remain as key determinants affecting th...

This minitrack focuses on the interactions between citizens, government, and technology to promote, facilitate, and create smart cities. Smart City is a fuzzy concept, not well defined in theoretical researches nor in empirical projects. However, all the proposed definitions agree on the fact that a Smart City is an urban space that tends to improve the daily life (work, school ...) of its citi...