Forest roads must be constructed according to technical standards and guidelines which have been published by the scientific and operational organizations. Recently, hydraulic excavators have been used beside the bulldozer for excavating the forest roads. Thus, it is necessary that their ability in construct of standard cross sections be compared. This study was conducted in Lattalar forest whi...

Knowledge of the decay trend of dead trees and site factors affecting their functions, plays an important role in the development of conservation management plans in forestry projects. This research was conducted in Asalem beech forests in northern Iran to assess the impact of physiographic features of the site on the process of dead trees decay. A total of 90 sample cuts of dead beech stumps w...

In recent years, the majority of developed countries have invested in high-density developments as a solution to social sustainability, whereas in developing countries, dense urban areas are created largely with an economic justification and with the goal of accommodating a larger population in one place. Density is an objective/quantitative indicator of the compactness of dwelling units and of...

Extended Abstract Background and objectives:  In order to further protect rangeland ecosystems, range suitability in this regard should be investigated before the utilization of medicinal and industrial plants. Plant composition and production and slope of the slope are among the components that determine the suitability of rangeland for the use of medicinal plants. For this purpose, in four ...

In this study, using the frequency ratio (FR) model, an attempt has been made to identify areas with high groundwater potential of the Sira catchment. Effective factors for preparing groundwater potential map including slope aspect, slope percentage, slope length (LS), Elevation, stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), plan curvature, distance to rivers, distance to roads, di...