In the present work, a new vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) structure employing combined oxide layer and single defect photonic crystal index guiding layer has been investigated for L-band optical fiber application. The basic design goal was to obtain photonic crystal VCSEL (PhC VCSEL) with the high power, high slop efficiency and low threshold that operate at 1.55-1.6μm wavelengt...

The effect of solar radiation on thermal distribution in thin high arch dams is investigated. The differential equation governing thermal behavior of mass concrete in three-dimensional space is solved applying appropriate boundary conditions. Solar radiation is implemented considering the dam face direction relative to the sun, the slop relative to horizon, the region cloud cover, and the surro...

landslides and slope instabilities are major hazards for human activities often causing economiclosses and property damages. sikan river basin (ilam province) due to the topography, tectonic,lithology, and climate has enough potential for occurrence of this phenomenon. the objectives of thisstudy were to determine effective parameters controlling the landslide occurrence and to preparezonation ...

The knowledge of the surface topography has a major importance in the field of Earth sciences. It is essential in any discipline concerned with process modeling like hydrology, climatology, geomorphology and ecology. The present study utilized Environmental Systems Research Institute’s (ESRI) ArcGIS 9.3 (with the spatial analyst extension) software, remote sensing data ( DEM and Digital Aerial ...

5 We demonstrate how commodity producers can take strategic specula6 tive positions in derivatives markets to soften competition in the spot mar7 ket. In our game, suppliers first choose a portfolio of call options and then 8 compete in supply functions. In equilibrium firms sell forward contracts 9 and buy call options to commit to downward sloping supply functions. Al10 though this strategy i...

This paper reviews techniques for assessing how joint clearances affect the precision of multiloop, multifreedom linkages. Slop, or backlash, arises from the small movements as joint clearances are taken up and, as these movements are generally uncontrolled, the precise location of bodies in the linkage becomes uncertain. This is particularly important when such linkages are used as robot manip...

Water pollution and scarcity have created problems in all aspects of life, especially poor countries. In This work the fabricated a single slop distilled from cheap materials, with glass lid for use desalination. The study noted that solar radiation is good magnitude area implementation energy projects. solar-drip production increases increased radiation, which efficiency distilled, reduction w...

In this paper, a low-cost, low-power and high performance micro control unit (MCU) core is proposed for wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs). It consists of an asynchronous interface, a register bank, a reconfigurable filter, a slop-feature forecast, a lossless data encoder, an error correct coding (ECC) encoder, a UART interface, a power management (PWM), and a multi-sensor controller. To imp...