We study a two-person game played on graphs based on the widely studied chip-firing game. Players Max and Min alternately place chips on the vertices of a graph. When a vertex accumulates as many chips as its degree, it fires, sending one chip to each neighbour; this may in turn cause other vertices to fire. The game ends when vertices continue firing forever. Min seeks to minimize the number o...

Damage from a dormant-season windstorm in a 3-year-old Populus research trial differed among four clones and three spacings and between monoclonal and polyclonal plots. Clonal differences in susceptibility to toppling (or leaning) were associated with both above-and below-ground characteristics. Susceptible clones had less taper in the lower stem and more weight in branches on the upper stem. T...

The paper presents an evaluation of both head pose and visual focus of attention (VFOA) estimation algorithms in a meeting room environment. Head orientation is estimated using a Rao-Blackwellized mixed state particle filter to achieve joint head localization and pose estimation. The output of this tracker is exploited in an Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to estimate people’s VFOA. Contrarily to pre...

Abstract There are abundant limestone resources in Weibei area. However, under the influence of a complex geological environment and harsh external environment, they often suffer from various types serious disasters, which seriously threaten safety people mining area development resources. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out relevant governance. Firstly, combined with field engineering data ty...

We use a discrete-time formulation of the asymmetric avalanche process (ASAP) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 084301 (2001)]] of p particles on a finite ring of N sites to obtain an exact expression for the average avalanche size as a function of toppling probabilities and particle density rho=p/N. By mapping the model onto driven interface problems, we find that the ASAP incorporates the annealed Kardar...

We present some analytical results for the stochastic sandpile model, studied earlier by Manna. In this model, the operators corresponding to particle addition at different sites commute. The eigenvalues of operators satisfy a system of coupled polynomial equations. For an L×L square, we construct a nontrivial toppling invariant, and hence a ladder operator which acting on eigenvectors of evolu...

Purpose is to identify the basic joint systems, their characteristics, distribution within rock mass, and determine impact of joints on bench stability. Methods. The risks strain emergence in form blocks sliding along weakness surfaces local areas were determined based upon definition stability loss. results large-scale measurements jointing processed using circular bar diagrams as well stereog...