Effects of age and stand density of mother tree on seed germination, seedling biomass allocation, and seedling growth of Pinus thunbergii were studied. The results showed that age of mother tree did not have significant influences on seed germination, but it was significant on seedling biomass allocation and growth. Seedlings from the minimum and maximum age of mother tree had higher leaf mass ...

Continuous planting is the primary method for managing Eucalyptus plantations. The “space-replacing time” approach assesses growth parameters of trees in China across generations, including height, diameter at breast height (DBH), slenderness ratio, trunk oblateness, and longitudinal strain. findings reveal: (1) significant variations strain occur among with average increasing noticeably; (2) g...

the structural slenderness ration (height/ with) is one of the title that can be discussed in quake design of building. but unfortunately, in  iranian code isn’t mention this mater.in this article, bending and bracying structures system are chosen with slenderness ratio 2 upto 6. (11, 17, 23, 29, 35 stage).all of structure are analysed and designed in linear method, then analysed in unlinear me...

Abstract Due to high bearing capacity and excellent seismic performance, the section steel reinforced concrete-filled rectangular tube has been widely applied in engineering. The application of stainless for outer can improve durability performance members. In this study, ABAQUS software was used perform nonlinear analysis on tubular columns, numerical model validated against experimental data....

The paper discusses the results of an experimental investigation carried out on reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in shear by externally bonded fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) sheets. The study is devoted to analyze the role that the transverse steel reinforcement and the beam slenderness ratio could play on the resistant mechanism of RC beams strengthened in shear by FRP composites. T...

The present study assesses the seismic performance of steel moment resisting frames (SMFs) retrofitted with different bracing systems. Two structural configurations were utilized: ordinary concentrically braces (OCBFs), buckling-restrained braces (BRBFs). A 7-story and 18-story steel perimeter SMFs were designed with insufficient lateral stiffness to satisfy code drift limitations in high seism...