BACKGROUND Impedance spectroscopy has been shown to be a candidate for noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring in humans. However, in addition to glucose, other factors also have effects on impedance characteristics of the skin and underlying tissue. METHOD Impedance spectra were summarized through a principal component analysis and relevant variables were identified with Akaike's informati...

The purpose of this paper is to provide a new approach for detection using bio-impedance. This impedance is measured by the four-electrode method. As the impedance changes resulting from ankle, knee, and hip movements depend on electrode placement, we determined the optimal electrode configurations for these movements by searching for high correlation coefficients, large impedance changes, and ...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease, typically with a chronic relapsing course and a defective skin barrier function. Recently, mutations of the skin barrier gene encoding filaggrin have been reported in a portion of the patients. In this thesis some aspects of defence defects in AD were studied. In paper I, the risk of developing any cancer was increased by 13%. Excess risks...

Electrode contact impedance is a crucial factor in physiological measurements and can be an accuracy-limiting factor when performing electroencephalography and electrical impedance tomography. In this work, standard flat electrodes and micromachined multipoint spiked electrodes are characterized with a finite-element method electromagnetic solver and the dependence of the contact impedance on g...

The purpose of this paper is to propose adaptive and flexible expert masssage robot using multi-fingered robot. Towards this goal, the present paper gives a modeling of human skin muscle through robot perception of impedance, and control strategy using impedance control to implement adaptive control system, even if human condition is changed, or massage position is shifted, and person to be mas...

Version 1b, June 2008 The fracpole suite is a collection of programs used to generate Spectre subcircuits that model components that require a fractional pole impedance. The suite includes a program for generating the fractional pole impedance itself, a program for generating models of inductors that include skin effect, and a program that generates models of capacitors that include dielectric ...

Abstract Practical sensing of biopotentials such as the electroencephalogram (EEG) in operational settings has been severely limited by the need for skin preparation and conductive electrolytes at the skin-sensor interface. Another seldom-noted problem has been the need for a low impedance connection from the body to ground for cancellation of common-mode noise voltages. In this article we desc...

An electro-tactile display is a tactile interface composed of skin surface electrodes. Such displays comprise many useful features such as durability and energy efficiency, but their use is limited by the variability of the elicited sensation. One possible solution to this problem involves monitoring skin electrical impedance. Previous studies established the existence of a correlation between ...

The development of a bio-hybrid tactile sensor array that incorporates a skin analogue comprised of alginate encapsulated fibroblasts is described. The electrical properties are modulated by mechanical stress induced during contact, and changes are detected by a ten-channel dual-electrode impedance sensing array. By continuously monitoring the impedance of the sensor array at a fixed frequency,...