In 1953, drivers in the United States became involved in 31,450 fatal and 1,302,000 non-fatal accidents. Many of these accidents were primarily the fault of the drivers involved, but a great number might have been minimized or prevented by safer highways. Although many factors are involved in the building of safety into highways, one of the more important items is the resistance of pavement sur...

This paper proposes a robust tracking controller based on a Generalized Extended State Observer (GESO) method for a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) with unknown skidding and slipping. Skidding and slipping of a WMR are inevitable in practice. We regard skidding and slipping as disturbances and modify the dynamics model to consider them simply. Then, we adopt the GESO to design...

Skidding operations can cause considerable and wide spread soil disturbance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ground skidding operations on soil compaction, moisture content, and total porosity at different levels of slope and traffic frequency. Four levels of traffic intensity (3, 8, 13, and >13 passes of a Crawler Tractor Onezhets ? 110) and three levels of slope ( ...

skidding operations can cause considerable and wide spread soil disturbance. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ground skidding operations on soil compaction, moisture content, and total porosity at different levels of slope and traffic frequency. four levels of traffic intensity (3, 8, 13, and >13 passes of a crawler tractor onezhets ? 110) and three levels of slope ( 2...

Cut-to-length (CTL) timber harvesting technology currently accounts for approximately 90% of Caspian forests. The technology involves felling, branching, cross-cutting, and then the skidder carries the logs to a landing, where the timber is temporarily stored, sorted and assembled for transportation to the mill. Cut-to-length systems typically require less labor, less access road construction, ...

Cut-to-length (CTL) timber harvesting technology currently accounts for approximately 90% of Caspian forests. The technology involves felling, branching, cross-cutting, and then the skidder carries the logs to a landing, where the timber is temporarily stored, sorted and assembled for transportation to the mill. Cut-to-length systems typically require less labor, less access road construction, ...

In this paper authors consider the problem of practical stabilization of wheeled mobile robot equipped with skid-steering drive (also know as SSMR). The kinematic model of SSMR is approximated by kinematics of unicycle including small perturbation term which describes limited skidding effect. It is justified that SSMR can be regarded as a system with non-stationary first order nonholonomic cons...

The negative influence of timber harvesting on the forest environment is reflected through damage to residual trees, regeneration, and soil. Considering that skidding, a popular extraction method, can cause substantial severe remaining stand, aim this research was determine trees during skidding by an LKT 81T cable skidder, including oxen bunching. conducted in eastern Bosnia Herzegovina, uneve...

This study was executed to determine the plant species of herbaceous cover in a skid road subjected to soil compaction due to timber skidding in a beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) stand. Our previous studies have shown that ground based timber skidding destroys the soils extremely, and degradations on ecosystem because of the timber skidding limit recovery and growth of plant cover on skid road...