The contribution of tide-gauge data, which provide a unique monitoring of sea-level variability along the coasts of the world ocean, to operational oceanography is discussed in this paper. Two distinct applications that both demonstrate tide-gauge data utility when delivered in real-time are illustrated. The first case details basin-scale operational model validation of the French Mercator oper...

Currently regional mean sea level trends and variations are inferred from the analysis of several individual local tide gauge data that span only a long period of time at a given region. In this study, we propose using amodel to merge various tide gauge data, regardless of their time span, in a single solution, to estimate parameters representative of regional mean sea level trends. The propose...

The real world phenomena being observed by sensors are generally non-stationary in nature. The classical linear techniques for analysis and modeling natural time-series observations are inefficient and should be replaced by non-linear techniques of whose theoretical aspects and performances are varied. In this manner adopting the most appropriate technique and strategy is essential in evaluatin...

We form a new 'blended' data set of sea level anomaly (SLA) fields by combining gridded daily fields derived from altimeter data with coastal tide gauge data. Within approximately 55-70 km of the coast, the altimeter data are discarded and replaced by a linear interpolation between the tide gauge and remaining offshore altimeter data. To create a common reference height for altimeter and tide g...

S U M M A R Y Extreme uplift rates and sea level changes in southern Alaska have been documented by Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys, tide gauge measurements and studies of raised shorelines. The movements detected in a network of 45 GPS survey points describe a broad pattern of rapid regional uplift. The majority of the study area is uplifting at a rate faster than 10 mm yr−1, with seve...

Observed extreme sea levels are caused by a combination of astronomical tide and storm surge, or an value in one these variables moderate the other. We analyzed measurements from Norwegian gauge network together with track data to assess cases level surges. At most stations highest surges only coincided tides vice versa . Simultaneously often intensities. This opens for possibility flooding eve...

Flooding during hurricanes is a hazard for New York City. Flood height is determined by storm surge characteristics, timing (high or low tide) and relative sea-level (RSL) change. The contribution from these factors is estimated for seven historical hurricanes (1788–2012) that caused flooding in New York City. Measurements from The Battery tide gauge and historical accounts are supplemented wit...

The accuracy of state-of-the-art global barotropic tide models is assessed using bottom pressure data, coastal tide gauges, satellite altimetry, various geodetic data on Antarctic ice shelves, and independent tracked satellite orbit perturbations. Tide models under review include empirical, purely hydrodynamic (“forward”), and assimilative dynamical, i.e., constrained by observations. Ten domin...