The Epidemiology Working Group, a subgroup of the participants of the Disney's Animal Kingdom Workshop on "Ex situ Amphibian Medicine and Nutrition," identified a critical need to design and implement approaches that will facilitate the assessment and evaluation of factors impacting amphibian health. In this manuscript, we describe and summarize the outcomes of this workshop with regards (a) th...

Plant geneticists have proposed that the dynamic conservation of crop plants in farm environments (in situ conservation) is complementary to static conservation in seed banks (ex situ conservation) because it may help to ensure adaptation to changing conditions. Here, we test whether collections of a traditional variety of Moroccan barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) conserved ex situ showed ...

A number of techniques have been developed to characterize the attosecond emission from high-order-harmonic sources. These techniques are broadly classified as ex situ, where the attosecond pulse train photoionizes a target gas in the presence of an infrared field, and in situ, where the measurement takes place in the medium in which the attosecond pulses are generated. It is accepted that ex s...

Cobalt-catalyzed hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH(4)) has attracted great attention since the hydride is believed to be promising hydrogen storage material. Cobalt is an efficient metal catalyst and has already proven to be a potential alternative to noble metals. Nevertheless it is not stable. Indeed it transforms into a Co- and B-based material when on contact with NaBH(4). Through ex s...

BACKGROUND The wild relatives of crops represent a major source of valuable traits for crop improvement. These resources are threatened by habitat destruction, land use changes, and other factors, requiring their urgent collection and long-term availability for research and breeding from ex situ collections. We propose a method to identify gaps in ex situ collections (i.e. gap analysis) of crop...

For human food security, the preservation of 7.4 million ex-situ germplasm is a global priority. However, ex-situ-conserved seeds are subject to aging, which reduces their viability and ultimately results in the loss of valuable genetic material over long periods. Recent progress in seed biology and genomics has revealed new opportunities to improve the long-term storage of ex-situ seed germpla...

A structural evolution from SrFeO,S(brownmillerite) to SrFeO,(perovskite) upon electrochemical oxidation has been systematically studied by in-situ and ex-situ X-ray Diffraction(XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS). According to the XRD analysis, the orthorhombic SrFeOIS has been gradually converted to the cubic SrFeO, as the reaction proceeds. The mostly oxidized perovskite could be bee...

A key and limiting step in the process of generating human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) for clinical applications is maturation. In the setting of immunotherapy, DC are matured ex vivo by culturing them with various agents that mimic the conditions encountered at a site of inflammation. This study examined whether the ex vivo DC maturation step could be replaced by maturing DC in situ ...