studies on manipulating the source-sink relationships during postanthesis in wheat have shown inconsistent results, concluding that wheat yield could be either sink- or source-limited. most studies have reported data of grain mass as an average of all grains preventing the recognition of different sensitivities to the availability of assimilates of grains placed at different positions within th...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Developing a conceptual and functional framework for simulating annual long-term carbohydrate storage and mobilization in trees has been a weak point for virtually all tree models. This paper provides a novel approach for solving this problem using empirical field data and details of structural components of simulated trees to estimate the total carbohydrate stored over a do...

[1] Nitrogen cycle dynamics have the capacity to attenuate the magnitude of global terrestrial carbon sinks and sources driven by CO2 fertilization and changes in climate. In this study, two versions of the terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycle components of the Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM) are used to evaluate how variation in nitrogen availability influences terrestrial carbon s...

AIDS (acquired immune deficient syndrome) is a deadly human viral infectious disease caused by HIV (human immune-deficient virus) infection. Almost every AIDS patient losses his/her life before mid 1990s. Antiviral drug cocktails-high active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has been invented for almost all HIV infection patient treatments. Yet, this type of HIV therapeutics is incurable. HIV/AID...

Drylands functioning depends on water fluxes and the retention of resources. The restoration degraded areas should mimic natural arrangement vegetation in landscape a source-sink pattern. Reintroducing key woody seedlings through planting is major concern ecological as these often exceed degradation thresholds ecosystem functions are limited. However, it not clear how might determine performanc...

A crucial issue for data collection in wireless sensor networks is that the energy consumption of the sensor nodes placed near the sink is very high. This is because the sensors placed near the sink have to forward the data to the sink on behalf of others resulting in the depletion of energy quickly, which will lead to network partitioning and limitation in the network lifetime. In order to sol...

We introduce a new computational method for embedding Lagrangian sink particles into an Eulerian calculation. Simulations of gravitational collapse or accretion generally produce regions whose density greatly exceeds the mean density in the simulation. These dense regions require extremely small time steps to maintain numerical stability. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) codes approach thi...

Population extinction is a fundamental ecological process which may be aggravated by the exchange of organisms between productive (source) and unproductive (sink) habitat patches. The extent to which such source-sink exchange affects extinction rates is unknown. We conducted an experiment in which metapopulation effects could be distinguished from source-sink effects in laboratory populations o...

In order to study the source limitation and contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to grain in dual-purpose (forage and grain) barley, a field experiment was carried out in Iran, Ahvaz region. The experimental design was split plot in randomized complete block with three replications. Application rates of nitrogen at four levels (60, 120, 180 and 220 kg.ha-1 N) were as main plots, while sub p...