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The self-irradiation of PuO2 has been shown to affect the attributes fifteen vibrational bands in Raman spectrum. correspond allowed mode T2g, overtones, defects, and from electronic origin. Defects crystal lattice low-calcination temperature alpha decay origins are responsible for changes band (band position, full-width half maximum (FWHM), intensity). Crystal defects also growth defect bands....

Korea has been one of the endemic areas of hepatitis B virus (HBV; exclusively genotype C) infection since ancient times. The epidemiology of HBV in Korea is easily expected to have changed over the last two decades owing to the high coverage rate of universal HBV vaccination. The main mode of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may have been effectively blocked since 1992 when compulsory blood s...

The lack of a precisely-dated, unequivocal climate proxy from northern China, where precipitation variability is traditionally considered as an East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) indicator, impedes our understanding of the behaviour and dynamics of the EASM. Here we present a well-dated, pollen-based, ~20-yr-resolution quantitative precipitation reconstruction (derived using a transfer function) ...