Understanding how cells polarize and coordinate tubulogenesis during organ formation is a central question in biology. Tubulogenesis often coincides with cell-lineage specification during organ development. Hence, an elementary question is whether these two processes are independently controlled, or whether proper cell specification depends on formation of tubes. To address these fundamental qu...

Formation of leaves and floral organs involves down-regulation of meristem-specific homeobox genes, and de novo expression of genes for organ identity, growth and patterning. Genes required for all these aspects of organ formation have been identified. The challenge now is to establish how they interact to direct organogenesis.

Biofilm formation is often considered to be the underlying reason why treatment with an antimicrobial agent fails and as an estimated 65-80% of all infections is thought to be biofilm-related, this presents a serious challenge. Considerable attention has been devoted to the development of modified materials that prevent (or at least drastically reduce) microbial biofilm formation. In this revie...

Recently evidence has accumulated that there are various interactions between the different levels of the central reticular core of the brain stem. (DELL, BONVALLET and HUGELIN 1961 ; MORUZZI 1964). The present study was initiated to know how the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) acts to regulate activity of the pontine reticular formation (PRF). This MRF-originated, descending effect con...

using uv-vis spectrophotometric method the interaction of water soluble phthalocyanine, cobalt(ιι) 4,4′,4′′,4′′′- tetrasulfophthalocyanine(cotspc), with bovine serum albumin (bsa) to determine the formation constant and related thermodynamic functions. the measurements were considered in 1mm sodium phosphate buffer, ph 7.0 and at 5 different temperatures 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40ºc. the results sho...

the dependence on ionic strength of protonation of glycine and its complexation with dioxouranium (vi) is reported in sodium perchlorate and sodium chloride solutions as background salts. the measurements have been performed at 25±0.1°c and various ionic strengths in the range 0.1 to 1.0 mol , using a combination of potentiometric and spectrophotometric techniques. the overall analysis  of the ...

the p53 protein function is essential for the maintenance of the nontumorigenic cell phenotype. pancreatic tumor cells show a very high frequency of p53 mutation. to determine if restoration of wild type p53 function can be used to eliminate the tumorigenic phenotype in these cells, pancreatic tumor cell lines, panc-1 and htb80, differing in p53 status were stably transfected with exogenous wil...

hydrates are crystalline compounds similar to ice, with guest molecules like methane and ethane trapped inside cavities or cages formed by the hydrogen bounded framework of water molecules. these solid compounds give rise to problems in the natural gas oil industry because they can plug pipelines and process equipments. low dosage hydrate inhibitors are a recently developed hydrate control tech...