Management practices can disturb ecological communities in grazing lands, which represent one-quarter of land surface. But three knowledge gaps exist regarding disturbances: disturbances potentially interact but are most often studied singly; experiments with multiple ecosystems as treatment units are rare; and relatively new metrics of phylogenetic community structure have not been widely appl...

The effects of fall and spring sheep use on cover components and recovery following a change in seasonality of grazing practices, were studied within long-term grazing treatments of threetip sagebrush (Artemisia tripartitu Rydb.) steppe on the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station near Dubois, Ida. Few significant differences existed among treatments within the litter, moss, lichen, and soil components...

Using a decade-long exclosure experiment in Panama, we tested the hypothesis that ground-dwelling vertebrate herbivores and seed predators are crucial determinants of tropical tree diversity and abundance within the understory. Our exclosure experiment is a community-level test of the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. Therefore, we predicted that vertebrate exclusion would (a) increase plant densities...

there are two methods for identifying formation interface in oil wells: core analysis, which is a precise approach but costly and time consuming, and well logs analysis, which petrophysists perform, which is subjective and not completely reliable. in this paper, a novel coupled method was proposed to detect the formation interfaces using gr logs. second approximation level (a2) of gr log gained...

Forest restoration with area exclosure has the hopeful strategy for nature conservation and social development goals as a countermeasure against deforestation forest degradation. However, status of these interventions is not well known scientific evaluation. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate institutional exclosures. To do this, three districts in agroecologies were selected purposively based ...

abstract over the last fifty years, most of the semi-arid rangeland in iran has been converted to cropland without an equivalent reduction in grazing animals. this shift has led to heavy grazing pressure on rangeland vegetation. the present study has been conducted in sisab research station in the north khorasan province to evaluate effects of long-term grazing exclosures on biodiversity of ran...

in recent years, rangelands have been regarded as potential carbon sinks. one of the most widely suggested options to sequester more c in rangelands is the restoration of the degraded rangelands through grazing the exclusion. in present study, the effects of exclusion on the carbon sequestration of gomishan rangelands were investigated. three transects were established in a key area inside and ...

Birds are often considered seed predators of less importance when compared to rodents or granivorous ants in studies of seed predation using selective exclosures. However, it is possible that the role of granivorous birds interacting with seeds on the floor of Neotropical forests is being underestimated, if the selective exclosures designed to allow exclusive access to small rodents do not work...

 In recent years, rangelands have been regarded as potential carbon sinks. One of the most widely suggested options to sequester more C in rangelands is the restoration of the degraded rangelands through grazing the exclusion. In present study, the effects of exclusion on the carbon sequestration of Gomishan rangelands were investigated. Three transects were established in a key area inside and...

Species abundance, species richness, and ground cover were measured over 10 years on nine paired grazed and exclosure plots in short-tussock grassland in the early stages of invasion by Hieracium species. With and without grazing, H. pilosella and H. caespitosum increased markedly and H. lepidulum increased locally. In contrast, 50% of all other common species and species groups, and total, nat...