contemporary philosophy is replete with various theories about rationality; however, the general concept of rationality is ambiguous. through exploring into the renowned schools of epistemology and philosophy of science, richard foley finds out the purpose and perspective to be constant elements in all theories of rationality. the purpose is the entity needed or desired by the individual and ca...

Recent advances in life-sustaining treatments and technologies, have given rise to newly-emerged, critical and sometimes, controversial questions regarding different aspects of end-of-life decision-making and care. Since religious values are among the most influential factors in these decisions, the present study aimed to examine the Islamic scholars' views on end-of-life care. A structured int...

one of the approaches which defends the rationality of religious beliefs is the reformed epistemology. among reformed epistemologists, wolterstorff’s view is subject to less criticism. this article tries to present epistemological foundations of wolterstorff’s view by describing and analyzing the statements which he has offered in his works. wolterstorff’s epistemological foundations are explai...

the islamic period of the iranian history suggests that the development of the shiite art is an outcome of a continuous interaction and struggle between the political systems dominated in iran and the shiite beliefs system. historically, the situation of the shiite, as a resistance movement, has gradually changed to an established religion with its own theology. in other words, when the shiite ...

shiite murji’ah is a movement in the second century of kufah. having distinguished themselves from official shiites after the rise of some political-social events in kufah and basically as a way of solving the troubles before shiite community, they adopted an idea concerning imamat –which is the most central foundation of shiite thought- which was a kind of retreatment from this foundation. tho...