shaykh shams al-din mohammad ben makki ameli known as the first martyr is an outstanding faqih from jabal amel in the ayyubids period. trying to spread shiism in an anti-shiite environment and to have relationships with the sarbedaran of khorasan in iran, he was imprisoned and finally martyred. relying on the relationship between religion and reason and the status of reason in religious precept...

Religions and sects ensure that the past is always recreated in order to protect their sense of belonging pass it on future generations. One most important tools this carried out through religious rituals. Shiism one schools thought which ritualistic religiosity common. The Karbala case played an role transition from a political movement theological phase gaining sectarian belongings. In Shiite...

this study is a description about the development of ceremonies and rituals and also the formation of religious system and the type of its opposition with the political system, after the official declaration of asna ashari (twelve imams) shiism in the safavid dynasty. the author believes that at least four development periods can be considered in iranian rituals in the safavid era. the first pe...

in shiite school, imamate is one of the self-evident doctrinal principles, which is on the same level as prophethood. during the history of shiism, many thinkers and intellectuals have considered this principle in philosophical and theological terms. they have comprehensively elaborated on the characteristics of those, who hold this position. thus, the transcendental theosophy, as one of the ma...

This contribution is a commented portfolio of images gathered during fieldwork in Baghdad (February 2020). It aims to provide an overview the murals which have been concentrated on Tahrir Square since revolution October 2019. These share some iconographic topics common with thawra (revolution) Syria, Tunisia, Egypt and Beirut. Nevertheless, semantic registers are specific Iraq, divided into two...