Introduction Lead-based shields are the most widely used attenuators in X-ray and gamma ray fields. The heavy weight, toxicity and corrosion of lead have led researchers towards the development of non-lead shields. Materials and Methods The purpose of this study was to design multi-layered shields for protection against X-rays and gamma rays in diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine. In this...

Neve Gordon and Nicola Perugini might well add the laws of war as another instance Orwellian “doublethink” where concept human shields operates if it were GPS tracker directing you to a target. The prohibition is framed iron dome sheltering vulnerable actors from attacking armies, but this book compellingly demonstrates that shelter part arsenal modern lawfare. Is IHL worth saving.

We performed a retrospective study of pelvic radiographs of children between August 2003 and January 2004 to determine whether gonadal shields effectively protected the gonads during pelvic radiographs in pediatric patients. We considered 1,047 radiographs of 111 children under the age of 16 years who were examined by the orthopaedic department at the University Hospital of North Staffordshire....

Rabbit corneas were infected with a tobramycin-resistant (minimum inhibitory concentration, 31.25 micrograms/ml) strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 (10(3) colony-forming units) and were treated 22 hours later with collagen corneal shields hydrated in either 25 mg/ml ciprofloxacin, 40 mg/ml norfloxacin, 40 mg/ml tobramycin, or deionized water. Shields were removed at 26 hours postinfection, ...

Head computed tomography examinations are often accompanied with unnecessary irradiation of superficial organs that are rarely the main target for the investigation. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that lead shields could be effectively used to protect superficial organs without compromising image quality where superficial organ itself is not a target and that the irradiation of the supe...

OBJECTIVES In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of using gonadal shielding in pediatric patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between October 2011 and February 2012, 1137 pelvic X-rays of 675 consecutive patients (323 boys, 352 girls; mean age 6.8 years; range 6 month to 17 years) in our hospital were evaluated in terms of gonadal shielding use by a team including an orthopedist, a gynecologist ...

background: changes in body composition may be used for monitoring progression/ regression of a disease. prompt γ-rays in vivo neutron activation analysis (ivnaa) has been widely used for the measurement of body composition in recent years. objective: in this paper, we tried to improve the safety of ivnaa operator. methods: the most important factor for reducing the operator receiving dose is t...