The civilized world, especially after the Second World War, tended to expand base of democracy in most regimes and introduce decentralized administration, or rather federalism exercise governance over its people.
 hallmark era is democracy, rule law, equality rights duties, totalitarian has become shunned by peoples regardless justifications, pluralistic societies, where several solutions ...

Casual observation reveals that groups of people interact on many levels simultaneously. Examples include political party formation and interaction; the interaction of Sunnis, Shias and Kurds in the Government of Iraq; and labor union and confederation formation. In this paper, a model of hierarchical group structures is developed. The model generalizes the existing coalitional theory in severa...

in terms of time, iranian mystic seyyed jaafar kashfi belongs to the era that is known as the end of the political thought era, from the perspective of decline theory. however, he is one of the great thinkers of the qajar era who in his two books entitled “tohfat al-muluk” and “mizan al-muluk” presented his political thought on the basis of mystical way. the main question in this research is wh...

The authors test the hypothesis that low-effort thought promotes political conservatism. In Study 1, alcohol intoxication was measured among bar patrons; as blood alcohol level increased, so did political conservatism (controlling for sex, education, and political identification). In Study 2, participants under cognitive load reported more conservative attitudes than their no-load counterparts....