hydro-forming is a fabrication process that uses a fluid medium to form a piece by using high internal pressure. in tube hydro-forming, a tubular blank is placed between two dies, sealed and pressurized water injected, deforming the tube walls in the cavity form of the dies. exist several typical hydro-forming processes such as t- shapes, cross-shapes and y- shapes. successful hydro-forming dep...

The subject of structural health monitoring and damage identification of structures at the earliest possible stage has been a noteworthy topic for researchers in the last years. Modal strain energy (MSE) based index is one of the efficient methods which are commonly used for detecting damage in structures. It is also more effective and economical to employ some methods for reducing the degrees ...

This paper shows that shape simplification is a tool useful in Non-Photorealistic rendering from photographs, because it permits a level of abstraction otherwise unreachable. A variety of simple shapes (e.g. circles, triangles, squares, superellipses and so on) are optimally fitted to each region within a segmented photograph. The system automatically chooses the shape that best represents the ...

We introduce and begin to explore the mean and median of finite sets of shapes represented as integral currents. The median can be computed efficiently in practice, and we focus most of our theoretical and computational attention on medians. We consider questions on the existence and regularity of medians. While the median might not exist in all cases, we show that a mass-regularized median is ...

We present a novel approach to measuring similarity between shapes and exploit it for object recognition. In our framework, the measurement of similarity is preceded by ( I ) solving for correspondences between points on the two shapes, ( 2 ) using the correspondences to estimate an aligning transform. In order to solve the correspondence problem, we attach a descripto< the shape context, to ea...