BACKGROUND Small size at birth and rapid growth in early life are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in later life. Short children born small for gestational age (SGA) are treated with growth hormone (GH), inducing catch-up in length. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a marker of biological age and shorter LTL is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. ...

BACKGROUND The literature attributes secular declines in small-for-gestational age (SGA) live births to changes in maternal smoking and other maternal characteristics. However, there are reasons to believe that the observed reductions in SGA may be a consequence of early delivery following obstetric intervention. METHODS We examined temporal trends in obstetrical intervention and SGA among si...

Dysmenorrhoea, pain during menstruation, affects 40-95 per cent of menstruating women, and has been reported as the most common of all gynecologic complaints and the leading cause of absenteeism of women from work, school, and other activities. Common treatment for dysmenorrhoea is medical therapy such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) or oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) which both wo...

OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance has been observed in individuals born small for gestational age (SGA) with catch-up growth (CUG), yet the mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study examined the role of GH and insulin signaling crosstalk in insulin resistance of SGA rats with CUG. DESIGN AND METHODS SGA rats were developed by dietary restriction in pregnant rats. GH receptor inhibition was pe...

introduction low birth weight (lbw) is a high risk for children's health and a problem of public health in under developing countries. sga increases neonatal and infant death, and neonatal and adult morbidity. so the present study aimed to assess the incidence of lbw, sga and their related factors in sabzevar in 2011 to 2012.   materials and methods this prospective descriptive-analytic st...

Postneonatal morbidity during infancy was studied in 284 small for gestational age (SGA) and 359 non-SGA term infants. None of these babies had congenital malformations and they were born to para 1 and para 2 mothers. SGA infants had an increased risk (OR: 1.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-2.6) of being admitted to hospital compared with non-SGA infants. The principal cause was respiratory trac...

OBJECTIVE To identify clinical and ultrasound variables associated with the birth of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants by customised centiles, subclassified according to whether their mothers were normotensive or developed hypertensive complications. DESIGN Prospective, multicentre cohort study. SETTING Participating centres of the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) study in Au...

BACKGROUND Growth hormone (GH) treatment has become a frequently applied growth promoting therapy in short children born small for gestational age (SGA). Children born SGA have a higher risk of developing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Treatment of ADHD with methylphenidate (MP) has greatly increased in recent years, therefore more children are being treated with GH and MP sim...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the probable timing of events leading to cerebral palsy (CP) in singletons born small for gestational age (SGA) at term, taking neonatal death into consideration. METHODS In this registry-based cohort study, data on 400 488 singletons born during 1996-2003 were abstracted from the Medical Birth and the CP registries of Norway. Among 36 604 SGA children...

CONTEXT GH treatment of short children born small for gestational age (SGA) results in a decline in fat mass (FM) and an increase in lean body mass (LBM). It is, however, unknown whether these changes persist into adulthood. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the long-term impact of GH treatment during childhood on body composition and fat distribution. PATIENTS AND DESIGN A total of 377...