Larvae of the marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata must complete a transition from the plankton, where they are highly dispersed, to an aggregated group of benthic adults. Previous research has shown that selective settlement of larvae on conspecific adults is mediated by a water-borne chemical cue. However, variable experimental conditions have been used to study this cue, and standardization ...

The landscapes of the Near East show both the first settlements and the longest trajectories of settlement systems. Mounding is a characteristic property of these settlement sites, resulting from millennia of continuing settlement activity at distinguished places. So far, however, this defining feature of ancient settlements has not received much attention, or even been the subject of systemati...

This paper examines the effects of introducing an auto-collateralization scheme in a simulated securities settlement system. Using artificially generated data, it shows that auto-collateralization can substantially lower liquidity needs without delaying settlement. By allowing for a more efficient usage of collateral, it also reduces intraday credit exposures. The paper further demonstrates how...

From March 1998, the inter-bank settlement of most high value wholesale payments in New Zealand will occur on a real time gross settlement (RTGS) basis. This means that the interbank transfer of funds associated with each such payment will be posted to the exchange settlement accounts of the paying and receiving banks at the Reserve Bank, transaction by transaction, irrevocably and ahead of val...

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the settlement analysis of a beam resting on geosynthetic reinforced granular fill-soft soil system. Each subsystem of the reinforced fill-soil system is idealized by elastic membrane, Pasternak shear layer, Winkler springs and dashpots, as applicable. The suggested model incorporates various aspects of the behavior of the geosynthetic-reinforced granular fill-soft...

(d)(1) Investigative settlements. At any time after the filing of a complaint, and before the findings and/or order are objected to or become a final order by operation of law, the case may be settled if the Assistant Secretary, the complainant and the named person agree to a settlement. (2) Adjudicatory settlements. At any time after the filing of objections to the Assistant Secretary’s findin...

The informal construction of dwellings (housing) and the informal growth of transport infrastructure are two main dynamics of an informal settlement growth phenomenon that may influence each other over time. Some studies have been done to understand the growth mechanisms of informal settlements, but not enough attention has been paid to study the informal growth of transport infrastructure dyna...

An electricity supply smart contract was developed and demonstrated to perform pre-time-of-use price negotiation between demand and generation and posttime-of-use settlement and payment. The smart contract was demonstrated with 1000 loads/generators with usages simulated using lognormal probability distributions. It combines payment of deposit, negotiation of price based on estimates, settlemen...

Variation in density of early stages, that is, larvae and juveniles, is a major determinant of the distribution and abundance of the adult population of most marine invertebrates. These early stages thus play a key role in competitive interactions, and, more specifically, in invasion dynamics when biologically similar native and non-native species (NNS) come into contact in the same habitat. We...

A small number of studies have demonstrated that settlement stage decapod crustaceans are able to detect and exhibit swimming, settlement and metamorphosis responses to ambient underwater sound emanating from coastal reefs. However, the intensity of the acoustic cue required to initiate the settlement and metamorphosis response, and therefore the potential range over which this acoustic cue may...