Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) is an essential component in linking computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Operation sequencing in CAPP is an essential activity. Each sequence of production operations which is produced in a process plan cannot be the best possible sequence every time in a changing production environment. As the complexity of the product incr...

case report: recently a 20-day-old layer flock with mortality has been submitted to the pcr lab. infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) has been detected in the clinical samples. results: a phylogenetic tree based on a partial s1 gene sequence showed iranian ibv variant located in lx4-type cluster. this cluster include all qxibv-type detected in china and european countries. the highest sequence hom...

Introduction: There are some routine two-dimensional sequences, including short tau inversion recovery (STIR), T2-weighted fast-spin echo (T2W-FSE), and proton-density fast spin-echo for diagnosing osteoarthritis and lesions of the knee cartilage. However, these sequences have some disadvantages, such as long scan time, inadequate spatial resolution, and suboptimal tis...

Sequence comparison is a widely used computational technique in modern molecular biology. In spite of the frequent use of sequence comparisons, the important problem of assigning statistical significance to a given degree of similarity is still outstanding. Analytical approaches to filling this gap usually make use of an approximation that neglects certain correlations in the disorder underlyin...

Foreword My first thought when I saw a preliminary version of this book was: Too bad there was nothing like this book when I really needed it. Around 20 years ago, I decided it was time to change my research directions. After exploring a number of possibilities, I decided that the area of overlap between molecular biology and computer science (which later came to be called " bioinfor-matics ") ...