OBJECTIVE To test a common assumption underlying the clinical use of electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback training (neurofeedback), that the modulation of discreet frequency bands is associated with frequency-specific effects. Specifically, the proposal was assessed that enhancement of the low beta components sensorimotor rhythm (SMR: 12-15 Hz) and beta1 (15-18 Hz) affect different aspects...

This chapter will propose a new paradigm for single-trial-electroencephalogram (EEG)-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) with motor imagery (MI) [1] tasks. Among such BCIs, the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR)-based ones, when using common spatial patterns (CSPs), require features over broad frequency bands, such as mu, beta and gamma rhythms [2]. Therefore, very high-dimensional feature vectors an...

Background. Substance use disorders (SUD) are a significant health problem affecting executive function. Neurofeedback training (NFB) allows subjects to voluntarily modulate brain activity, aiming modify cognitive processes. Studies measuring neuropsychological processes and music have found changes in attention, memory, speech, supporting the notion that enhances functioning. In this study, we...

Technological progress in computer science and neuroimaging has resulted in many approaches that aim to detect brain states and translate them to an external output. Studies from the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and neurofeedback (NF) have validated the coupling between brain signals and computer devices; however a cognitive model of the processes involved remains elusive. Psycholog...

Background Operant conditioning of one’s slow cortical potential (SCP) or sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) can be used to control epilepsy or to manipulate external devices, as applied in BCI (Brain-Computer Interface). To be practical, a BCI-system should use as less channels as possible. For this purpose, a wireless biofeedback system was developed that allows feedback of a single EEG-channel in dis...

The serial application of electromyographic (EMG) and sensorimotor (SMR) biofeedback training was attempted with a 10-year-old boy presenting a triad of symptoms: an attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, developmental reading disorder, and ocular instability. Symptom elimination was achieved, for all three aspects of the triad, following the procedure of first conditioning a decrease i...

The ability to operate a brain-computer interface (BCI) varies not only across subjects but also across time within each individual subject. In this article, we review recent progress in understanding the origins of such variations for BCIs based on the sensorimotor-rhythm (SMR). We propose a classification of studies according to four categories, and argue that an investigation of the neuro-ph...

Using neurofeedback (NF), individuals can learn to modulate their own brain activity, in most cases electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms. Although a large body of literature reports positive effects of NF training on behavior and cognitive functions, there are hardly any reports on how participants can successfully learn to gain control over their own brain activity. About one third of people ...

2 Chronic stroke patients without residual movements of the paretic side do not respond to any available rehabilitation strategy. Recently BCI technology has been proposed for as a neurorehabilitation tool after stroke. It has been shown that learning of brain control (MEG-sensorimotor rhythm, SMR) in chronic stroke is possible but no substantial improvements in motor control and no generalizat...

UNLABELLED Though the pathophysiology of dystonia remains uncertain, two primary factors implicated in the development of dystonic symptoms are excessive cortical excitability and impaired sensorimotor processing. The aim of this study was to determine the functional efficacy of an intervention combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and sensorimotor retraining. A randomiz...