Dental pulp testing is a useful and essential diagnostic aid in endodontics. Pulp sensibility tests include thermal and electric tests, which extrapolate pulp health from sensory response. Whilst pulp sensibility tests are the most commonly used in clinical practice, they are not without limitations and shortcomings. Pulp vitality tests attempt to examine the presence of pulp blood flow, as thi...

F or decades, researchers have built computer models of molecular interactions to predict properties of new molecules (1). These models take the form of potential functions, equations that can be used predict the molecular energy of interaction. Potential functions have very broad applications. Other than ab initio quantum mechanics-based approaches (2), all simulations studies rely on some sor...