Reported cochlear potential values of near 150 mV are often attributed to endolymph itself, although membrane potentials result from ion fluxes across the adjacent semipermeable membranes due to concentration gradients. Since any two fluids separated by a semipermeable membrane develop potential due to differences in solute concentrations, a proposed interpretation here is that positive potenti...

To the Editor: Ultrafiltration is a standard method for separating free T3 and free T4 from serum proteins and proteinbound hormone (1, 2 ). It is expected that free T3 and free T4 in aqueous solutions will accompany water as water moves across semipermeable membranes, a process that results in equal concentrations of free T3 and free T4 in the aqueous solutions on opposite sides of semipermeab...

Biogas serves a reliable renewable resource and energy carrier with growing potentials based on the number size of plants in operation planned for future. The technical viability membranes biogas valorization has attracted attention towards further advancements from materials process perspectives. present review aims to meticulously analyze extensive works carried out at laboratory, pilot, semi...

Studies with the dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing microorganism Geobacter metallireducens demonstrated that the common technique of separating Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms and Fe(III) oxides with semipermeable membranes in order to determine whether the Fe(III) reducers release electron-shuttling compounds and/or Fe(III) chelators is invalid. This raised doubts about the mechanisms for Fe(III)...

Cellular membranes act as semipermeable barriers to ions and macromolecules. Specialized mechanisms of transport of proteins across membranes have been developed during evolution. There are common mechanistic themes among protein translocation systems in bacteria and in eukaryotic cells. Here we review current understanding of mechanisms of protein transport across the bacterial plasma membrane...

In recent years, membrane separation processes have successfully established footholds in all areas of chemical separations. Semipermeable membranes are now enhancing and even replacing long-time standard techniques such as distillation and solvent extraction (1). They are also being used in the preparation of purified chemical and biological products as well as the treatment and recovery of ma...

Lipid bilayer membranes have a native (albeit small) permeability for water molecules. Under an external load, provided that the structure stays intact and does not suffer from poration or rupture, lipid membrane deforms its influx/efflux is often assumed negligible in absence of osmolarity. In this work we use boundary integral simulations to investigate effects on vesicle hydrodynamics due me...

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) oscillation was observed when the isolated mitochondria were immersed in a pyruvate solution. In addition, an adenosine diphosphate (ADP) added to mitochondrial suspension containing pyruvate, triphosphate (ATP) as well NADH oscillation. At this time, pH within also oscillated. It found that oscillatory reaction of caused by membrane permeation continues,...