This paper is motivated by the need to minimize the payload mass required to establish an extraterrestrial robotic colony. One approach for this minimization is to deploy a colony consisting of individual robots capable of self-reproducing. An important consideration for the establishment of such a colony is the identification of a seed. Since self-reproduction is achieved by the actions of a r...

In Experiment 1, five adult female impala were fitted with harnesses that restrained oral self-grooming of the anterior part of the body. At the same time, six cohoused female impala were fitted with control harnesses that allowed normal oral grooming. The impala were allowed to habituate to the harnesses for 10 days, and both groups were then exposed to larval ticks (Boophilus decoloratus) by ...

Cancer progression involves the seeding of malignant cells in circulation and the colonization of distant organs. However, circulating neoplastic cells can also reinfiltrate the tumor of origin. This process, called "tumor-self seeding," can select more aggressive cells that may contribute to cancer progression. Here, using mouse mammary adenocarcinoma models, we observed that both tumor self-s...

Circulating tumor cells are responsible for seeding metastatic growth at distant sites. Kim et al. (2009) now discover that circulating tumor cells can reinfiltrate tumors at their primary organs and promote tumor progression.

Cancer progression involves the seeding ofmalignant cells in circulation and the colonization of distant organs. However, circulating neoplastic cells can also reinfiltrate the tumor of origin. This process, called "tumor-self seeding," can selectmore aggressive cells thatmay contribute to cancer progression. Here, usingmousemammary adenocarcinoma models, we observed that both tumor self-seedin...

Wild-type and variant crystals of a recombinant enzyme beta-d-glucan glucohydrolase from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were obtained by macroseeding and cross-seeding with microcrystals obtained from native plant protein. Crystals grew to dimensions of up to 500 x 250 x 375 mum at 277 K in the hanging-drops by vapour-diffusion. Further, the conditions are described that yielded the wild-type crys...