3 Detailed Guidelines 8 3.1 Idioms and Near Idioms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 Referring Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2.1 Pronouns and Definite Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.2 Resumptive Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

Forms of Japanese referring expressions are mainly divided into four types: bare NPs, demonstrative NPs (i.e. either as determiner or as pronoun) and zero pronouns. Out of the four types of the referring expressions, bare NPs are the most common type as a subsequent mention and zero pronouns are used only in limited conditions. Based on the centering framework, the results suggest that the cent...

The degree to which people construe their perceived self as independent from or interdependent with their social environment can vary. We tested whether the current degree of social self-construal predicts the degree to which individuals integrate others into their self-concept. Participants worked through tasks that drew attention to either personal interdependence (e.g., by instructing partic...

This paper reports on linguistic features and decisions that we find vital in the process of annotation and resolution of coreference for highly inflectional languages. The presented results have been collected during preparation of a corpus of general direct nominal coreference of Polish. Starting from the notion of a mention, its borders and potential vs. actual referentiality, we discuss the...

In order to produce coherent text. natural language generation systems must have the ability to generate pronouns in the appropriate places. In the past, pronoun usage was primarily investigated with respect to the accessibility of referents. We.argue that generating appropriate referring expressions requires looking at factors beyond accessibility. Also important are sentence boundaries, dista...

Self-focused attention (SFA) is considered a cognitive bias that is closely related to depression. However, it is not yet well understood whether it represents a disorder-specific or a trans-diagnostic phenomenon and which role the valence of a given context is playing in this regard. Computerized quantitative text-analysis offers an integrative psycho-linguistic approach that may help to provi...

background : pronoun error is one of the most common errors in many speech and language disorders. therefore, knowing about the development procedure of dependent possessive pronouns (as a subgroup of pronouns), leads to build an accurate profile for evaluation and treatment of many disorders. the goal of the present study was to examine the development of dependent possessive pronouns in 2.5-4...

Abstract The article provides a comprehensive overview of attitudes towards nonbinary pronouns, with the aim better understanding why these pronouns are either accepted or rejected. Attitudes they and neopronouns ze xe explored thematic analysis data derived from larger online survey on ( n = 1128). While results demonstrate various polarized stances for both types participants’ reactions highl...

Self-reference said to be ‘de se’ is often explicated by reference the grammatical first Person (1 p ), but nature or necessity of this link are unclear and have not been investigated systematically from a linguistic point view. We argue that 1 in referential unbound position matrix clause, as occurring an embedded clause with agreement , provides necessary sufficient conditions for speaker exp...