sassanian pahlavi and manichaean middle persian pre/postpositions cover a relatively vast spectrum of meanings. by reference to the different components of the sentence, they act as determining factors for their grammatical roles. despite the fact that some pre/postpositions partly overlap others' in meanings, they mostly maintain the subtleties of their own specific significations. this a...

The Middle Persian word sahrestān had often been translated as ‘provincial capital’. Cereti examines an impressive corpus of texts belonging to the Zoroastrian tradition, such Sahrenstānīhā-ī-Ērānshar, Bundahisn, Dēnkard, Kārnāmag ī Ardaxsīr Pābagān, Gujastag Abālis, Sāyast nē-Sāyast, Yoist Friyān, Pahlavi commentary Widēwdād, inscriptions Sāpūr I and Kerdīr at Ka’aba-e Zartost Narseh’s one Pai...

al-adab al-saghīr has been translated from pahlavi, and can be regarded as the crossroads of the iranian and islamic cultures. ibn-e moqafa’a, like other translators of pahlavi texts, translated texts which were in line with islamic thoughts from pahlavi to arabic. this was warmly welcomed in the arab world, but they were gradually intertwined with arabic thoughts and the iranian roots were for...

the script and orthography system which are used for the zoroastrian middle persian (= pahlavi) texts because of their many shortcomings and difficulties have always caused many misunderstandings and misinterpretations by the ancient users and modern researchers. this indeterminacy of the script and the lack of a complete and accurate understanding of the contents of the texts have caused the p...

As a close ally of Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, Israel participated in the September 1974 Asian Games – ‘Asian Olympics’ that were held Tehran. Among 18 sports which athletes competed, football attracted most attention, especially after Iran’s historic victory over AFC Cup 1968. both countries reached final Games’ tournament, match came to be seen by Iranians as nothing short war. Standing stark...