In the past few decades, huge surges and waves generated during tsunami events have caused devastating destruction to both onshore offshore infrastructures, seriously threatening safety intactness of coastal communities around world. As one most important protection a seawall can effectively reduce impact intensity waves, thus playing vital role in protecting regions. Most previous studies syst...

The current work adds on previous research and presents large scale experimental results of wave induced forces a recurve atop seawall at the end sloped approaching bed. In addition to theoretical expression for predicting violent loads is also reported.

Abstract Recent climate change studies highlight that the sea-level rise and increase in intensity frequency of extreme climatic events storm surges will result catastrophic wave overtopping from coastal defences. Retrofitting existing seawalls provides great potentials for enhancement resilience region through attenuation. With increasing attention towards sustainable low emission solutions im...