in this article, the author studies the history of pluralism in the west and islamic world. then he has a look on the scopes and applications of pluralism and gives a new classification for it: 1- behavioral pluralism 2- cognitive pluralism he extends his philosophical thoughts and offers a novel point of view on this topic.

Traditional approaches in philosophy of biology focus attention on biological concepts, explanations, and theories, on evidential support and inter-theoretical relations. Newer approaches shift attention from concepts to conceptual practices, from theories to practices of theorizing, and from theoretical reduction to reductive retooling. In this article, I describe the shift from theory-focused...

The recent popularity of legal pluralism has now reached the area of European private law. In this paper I scrutinize the concepts of legal pluralism used by three of its most prominent proponents: Pierre Legrand, Jan Smits, and Thomas Wilhelmsson. I do not offer fully-fledged criticism of their theories (each of which are among the most fascinating and helpful in the European private law debat...

In this paper, we offer a perspective on complementarity, acknowledging that it is not possible for human perception and cognition to grasp reality with unambiguous concepts or theories. Therefore, multiple concepts and perspectives are valid when they are not exaggerated beyond reasonable limits and do not claim exclusive validity. We recommend a humble stance enabling respectful dialogue betw...

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the (pseudo)scientific status psychoanalysis and identifying methodological problems testing psychoanalytic hypotheses. After considering scientific hermeneutic reception psychoanalysis, we see future in pluralism as a research method that bridges gap between two mentioned traditions.

Questions about the relevance of religious views to public policy have been central in debates over the governance of biotechnology since the 1960s. This article offers an empirical analysis of moments of deliberative politics surrounding human embryo research, primarily within public bioethics bodies. I examine how these bodies have used the idea of public reason as developed in deliberative d...

asking about the place of religion in a democratic society refers straightforwardly to the kind of pluralism we adopt. given that intra-societal tensions mark out a democratic pluralistic society, then it seems that there is no doubt that there should be a place for religion and religious people in it. what is crucial for a democratic society is taking a suitable view on pluralism. there could ...

Pluralism, according to Michael P. Lynch, is the thesis that there are or can be more than one true story of the world; there can be incompatible but equally acceptable accounts of some subject matter.’ The opposite view, absolutism, states that there can be only one true story about how the world is. In our ordinary lives both theses have intuitive pull. Most of us are ready to say that there ...

Abstract In this paper, I offer a pluralistic framework for disagreement and develop strategy to account the varieties of on basis truth across different domains discourse. Truth-pluralism is thus sufficient delivering pluralism about disagreement—that is, diaphonic pluralism.