background and aims: in various clinical situations, mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) may come into direct contact with blood. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of exposure to blood on marginal adaptation and surface microstructure of mta. materials and methods: thirty extracted human single-rooted teeth were used in this study. standard root canal treatment was carried ou...

morphological and electrophoretic analysis of the crystalline inclusions (parasporal crystals) of sporulated cultures of b. thuringiensis ssp. kumamotoensis dsm 6070 (bt 6070) was conducted via phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the activity of the spore-crystal suspensions against house fly (musca domestica) larvae wa...

introduction: the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of an experimental irrigation solution, containing two different concentrations of papain, tween 80, 2% chlorhexidine and edta, on removal of the smear layer. methods and materials: thirty-six single-rooted teeth were divided into two experimental groups ( n =12) and two positive and negative control groups of six. the cana...

introduction: smear layer (sl) is produced as a result of mechanical instrumentation of the canal(s). despite the controversies regarding its removal, the evidence-based trend has shifted towards removing and eliminating the sl. different methods have been used to remove the sl and the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta), 18% etid...

We report repeated single-shot measurements of the two-electron spin state in a GaAs double quantum dot. The readout allows measurement with a fidelity above 90% with a approximately 7 micros cycle time. Hyperfine-induced precession between singlet and triplet states of the two-electron system are directly observed, as nuclear Overhauser fields are quasistatic on the time scale of the measureme...

in this article we review the application and procedures involved in scanning electron microscope (sem) to observe biological and live tissues through using sem at high resolution. we discuss practical methods for optimizing tissue preservation to achieve the two principal goals of biological specimen preparation: (a) preserving biological structures as close to their living configuration as po...

We have developed a high-speed two-photon microscope with submicrometer resolution in real time. The imaging speed improvement of this system is obtained by the use of a high-speed polygonal mirror scanner. The maximum achievable scanning rate is 40 micros/line, which is approximately 100 times faster than conventional scanning microscopes. High-resolution fluorescence images were recorded in r...

introduction: successful endodontic treatment depends on elimination of the microorganisms through chemomechanical debridement. the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fragaria vesca (wild strawberry) extract (fve) on the removal of smear layer (sl). methods and materials: in this analytical-observational study, 40 extracted mandibular and maxillary human teeth were ...

introduction: this study compared the cleaning efficiency of mtwo, race and medin nickel-titanium (niti) rotary instruments. materials and methods: sixty mandibular molar mesial roots were selected with angle curvatures between 25-35 degrees and divided into three groups; each containing 20 teeth. canals were prepared with the rotary files and irrigated with 2.5% naocl solution after each instr...

introduction: effective durable adhesion between post material and dentine using resin cements is essential for longevity of restoration. the aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of different irrigants on smear layer removal after post space preparation. methods and materials: a total of 75 extracted anterior human teeth were selected. the canals were instrumented by rotary syst...