The mountain fortress of Rabana-Merquly was a major regional centre the Parthian period (first century BC) in Zagros Mountains Iraqi Kurdistan. iconography two rock-reliefs that show an unnamed ruler suggests association with vassal kingdom Adiabene. exceptional preservation fortress's stone walls, undamaged by later agriculture this highland location, provides almost complete example large, fo...

tombstones have been mirrors of the culture and customs of traditional societies in iran. in pristine areas such as the city of the province of ilam; darreh-shahr, decorative motifs of tombstones are a gateway to the world of religious and cultural thoughts of the people of this land. the city darreh-shahr cemetery tombstones are similar to other iran regions and abdanan tombstones in ilam, ado...

inscriptions in calligraphy, hard stone carving and rock reliefs have a long tradition in iranian art. although from the pre-islamic times many important samples of three dimensional sculptures have been found in iran, during the islamic era, because of the religious edicts and beliefs, that they had the sculpting prohibited, the art of sculpture couldn’t be developed in the way of pre-islamic ...

We report a case of multinodular thyroid goiter in an 80-year-old man who successfully underwent tracheal stent placement for respiratory distress caused by the thyroid goiter and following two radiofrequency (RF) ablation sessions performed for thyroid volume reduction. This sequential treatment allowed elective stent removals four weeks after the second RF ablation session because the thyroid...

“Non vide mei di me chi il vero”: L’art “verace” in the circle of proud as a mise en abyme Dante’s art Comedy The purpose this study is to discuss problem meta-poetic themes Divine Comedy, focusing particular on relationship between God’s and context impression caused by sight rock reliefs cornice Purgatorio, where poet, presenting imitating God, fact shows mastery his own art. analysis leads c...

Introduction The term ‘tax expenditure’ (TE) was coined in 1967 by Surrey, the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Tax Policy under US President Johnson to cover the special exemptions, exclusions, deductions and other tax benefits that were really methods of providing government assistance. He identified two categories of tax reliefs giving rise to TE. First; relief for personal circumstan...

the round city of ardeshir khwarah, with its concentric layout, can be considered as the first city which established by the founder of the sasanian dynasty as a symbol of the sasanian royal ideology. ardeshir khwarah plays a key role in establishment of sasanian sovereignty and urban planning. however, a little is known about the history of the city. it seems even stranger if we consider the r...

the sasanian settlements located persian gulf shores proving the economic-political sovereignty of iran over the persian gulf through preislamic era denotes commercial relations between iran and other regions. the remains of sasanian sites and scattered ceramic sherds help us to apprehend the history of the socio-political organization of the persian gulf sphere and recognize the interactions b...