Duration Calculus (DC) is a real-time logic with measurement of duration of propositions in observation intervals. It is a highly expressive logic with continuous time behaviours (also called signals) as its models. Validity checking of DC is undecidable. We propose a method for validity checking of Duration Calculus by reduction to a sampled time version of this logic called well sampled Inter...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Measurement of GFR is important for the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although bolus administration of radiocontrast agents is commonly used to measure GFR, the optimal duration of sampling to assess their plasma clearance is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the duration of plasma sampling influences precision and estimation of G...

We generate space-time coupled attosecond pulse trains with a 1.8 μm wavelength laser pulse using the ‘attosecond lighthouse’ technique. We show low divergence, spatially well-separated beamlets from low ionization potential gas media. We also find that there is little long trajectory contribution—only the short trajectory contribution is clearly visible for any beamlet. These results open a ne...

This work describes a cryogenic, electro-optically -switched Yb:YAG laser that generates 114-W average TEM power with 47% optical-to-optical efficiency. Pulse repetition frequency is 5 kHz, pulse duration is 16 ns full-width at half-maximum, and is less than 1.05.

This paper proposes a novel single-input sampling instance control circuit used in primary-side controller of Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) without optical-coupler and secondary feedback control circuit. The novel control circuit is based on the idea determining the sampling instance of current switching cycle by the duration of the voltage pulse at the auxiliary wingding during the previou...

BACKGROUND Measuring recurrent infections such as diarrhoea or respiratory infections in epidemiological studies is a methodological challenge. Problems in measuring the incidence of recurrent infections include the episode definition, recall error, and the logistics of close follow up. Longitudinal prevalence (LP), the proportion-of-time-ill estimated by repeated prevalence measurements, is an...

The use of counts of unmarked migrating animals to monitor long term population trends assumes independence of daily counts and a constant rate of detection. However, migratory stopovers often last days or weeks, violating the assumption of count independence. Further, a systematic change in stopover duration will result in a change in the probability of detecting individuals once, but also in ...