The abundant resource of low-temperature heat sources (≈80–120 °C), e.g., low-concentration solar collectors or shallow geothermal wells, hold huge potential to be a renewable energy supply. A proposed method for harnessing such low-grade is use the distill solution and then utilize produced concentration difference generate work, by means salinity gradient power (SGP) technologies. In this app...

BACKGROUND Several different classifications to characterize estuarine systems have been proposed. In this present paper, one of the most important estuaries in North Africa, the Oued Loukkos (Morocco), forms a case-study for proposing a systematic classification of this particular tidal estuary according to the vertical salinity gradient. FINDINGS This study, conducted using a CTD, shows tha...

Salinity, rather than temperature, is the leading influence on density in some regions of the world's upper oceans. In the Bay of Bengal, heavy monsoonal rains and runoff generate strong salinity gradients that define density fronts and stratification in the upper ~50 m. Ship-based observations made in winter reveal that fronts exist over a wide range of length scales, but at O(1)-km scales, ho...

Salinity gradient energy generated by the contact between seawater and river water is one of promising renewable energies. In reverse electrodialysis (RED), salinity directly translated into electricity. The representative problem a large electrical resistance or dilute solutions. solutions are poor electrically conductive. This results in huge loss when an current passes through it.

The subarctic front is a thermohaline structure across the North Pacific, separating colder, fresher water to the north from warmer, saltier water to the south. Levitus's [1982] data and 72 conductivity-temperature-depth/salinity-temperature-depth sections are used to show the spatial and seasonal variations of the climatological frontal zone and the characteristics of the frontal structure in ...

One route to genetic adaptation in a novel environment is the evolution of ecological generalisation. Yet, identifying the cost that a generalist pays for the increased breadth of tolerance has proven elusive. We integrate phenotypic assays with functional genomics to understand how tolerance to a salinity gradient evolves, and we test the relationship between the fitness cost of this generalis...

Salinity gradient power (SGP) systems have strong potential to generate sustainable clean electricity for 24 hours. Here, we introduce a solid-salt pressureretarded osmosis (PRO) system using crystal salt powders rather than seawater. Solid salts have advantages such as a small storage volume, controllable solubility, high Gibbs dissolution energy, and a single type of water intake, low pretrea...

Solar pond is a device which entraps the impinging solar radiation and stores it as thermal energy in its salty layers. Simple salt gradient solar pond consists of three basic layers: lower convective zone, non-convective zone and last is upper convective zone. In present study a simple working experimental setup of salt gradient solar pond was fabricated equipped with thermo siphon heat exchan...