BACKGROUND Upper sacral segment dysplasia increases the risk of cortical perforation during iliosacral screw insertion. Dysmorphic sacra have narrow and angled upper osseous corridors. However, there is no validated definition of this anatomic variation. We hypothesized that pelves could be quantitatively grouped by anatomic measurements. METHODS One hundred and four computed tomography (CT) ...

The laminae of fifth and sometimes fourth sacral vertebrae fail to fuse posteriorly in the sagittal plane leading to formation of a deficiency in the posterior wall of the sacral canal commonly known as sacral hiatus. During osteology demonstration class of MBBS students of the Department of Anatomy, U.C.M.S and G.T.B Hospital, Delhi, we noticed a sacrum in which sacral hiatus was extending to ...

Background: Detection of women at risk for dystocia will allow physicians to make preparations and treatment decisions that can minimize maternal and neonatal morbidity. We aimed to determine the risk factors for dystocia in nulliparous women. Methods: This case series enrolled 447 nulliparous women who presented with a single pregnancy in the vertex presentation and gestational age of 38-42 we...

Background: Sacral pit is a shallow or deep dimple in the lower sacral region, with a reported prevalence of 3-5% among newborns. The aim of the present study was to investigate spinal cord abnormalities in newborns with sacral pit via ultrasound examinations. Methods: In this descriptive study, 3071 infants born at 34-42 weeks of gestation were studied in hospitals affiliated to Islamic Azad U...

BACKGROUND The purpose of the current study was to use the Iliac Bars Lever Reduction and Fixation System (IBLRFS) for Grades 1 and 2 spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, evaluate its stability and reductive efficacy, and examine the complications. METHODS Between April 2005 and August 2006, 44 patients with Grades 1 and 2 spondylolytic spondylolisthesis were treated surgically: 21 patients under...

BACKGROUND Caudal block is a common technique in children for reducing postoperative pain, and there have been several reports on the variations of the sacral canal in children. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the needle trajectory for caudal block, and there is limited information on the structural variations of the sacrum in children. The purpose of this study was to analyze ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the outcomes and safety after CT-guided percutaneous sacroplasty in patients with painful sacral insufficiency fractures or pathologic sacral lesions. METHODS A retrospective multicenter analysis of consecutive patients undergoing CT-guided sacroplasty for painful sacral insufficiency fractures or sacral lesions was undertaken. The inclusion criteria consisted of severe sa...

Introduction: Single bony landmark may not help to detect the hiatus properly for caudal epidural block (CEB). The aim of the study was to measure the different aspects of the sacral hiatus and to identify significant anatomical landmarks to locate it. Methods: Different morphometric measurements were taken of one hundred sacra with a Vernier caliper. These measurements may provide a guideline ...

STUDY DESIGN Literature review. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to describe the injuries associated with sacral fractures and to analyze their impact on patient outcome. METHODS A comprehensive narrative review of the literature was performed to identify the injuries associated with sacral fractures. RESULTS Sacral fractures are uncommon injuries that result from high-energy trauma, a...

Sacral hiatus is caudal opening of sacral canal. Caudal epidural anaesthesia for various therapeutic and diagnostic procedures is administered through sacral hiatus. 25% failure rate of caudal epidural block has been reported in literature. The failure rate of this procedure may be due to variant anatomical features of sacral hiatus. Hence knowing the anatomical variations in shape, size, level...